Question 1

Excessive energy intake in patients with ARDS can worsen respiratory function.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The inflammatory process can alter immune cell function in the body.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Zinc 
B)  ​Choline 
C)  ​Selenium 
D)  ​Vitamin K 
E)  ​Iron 
A)  ​Zinc 
B)  ​Choline 
C)  ​Selenium 
D)  ​Vitamin K 
E)  ​Iron

Question 5

Matching​
-​minute ventilation

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 6

Describe the risk factors associated with development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).​

Accepted Answer

epidemiological studies have identified

Question 7

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fat 
B)  ​dextrose 
C)  ​protein 
D)  ​zinc 
E)  ​vitamin A 
A)  ​fat 
B)  ​dextrose 
C)  ​protein 
D)  ​zinc 
E)  ​vitamin A

Question 8

Matching​
-​bronchioles

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 9

Kati is a 19-year-old female who suffered a head injury and multiple broken bones in a motorcycle accident. She is currently in a coma, on a mechanical ventilator, and receiving enteral nutrition. Kati is 5'2" tall and weighs 115 pounds.
​
-As a result of the acute-phase inflammatory response, Kati's plasma concentrations of _____ would be expected to decrease.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​glucose and cholesterol 
B)  ​sodium and potassium 
C)  ​iron and glucose 
D)  ​albumin and iron 
E)  ​magnesium and chloride 
A)  ​glucose and cholesterol 
B)  ​sodium and potassium 
C)  ​iron and glucose 
D)  ​albumin and iron 
E)  ​magnesium and chloride

Question 10

Mary is a 59-year-old patient who suffered multiple broken bones in a motor vehicle accident. She weighs 138 pounds. The nurse chooses a protein factor of 1.5 g/kg to estimate her protein needs and calculates that Mary's protein requirements are approximately _____ grams per day.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​94 
B)  ​103 
C)  ​121 
D)  ​180 
E)  ​208 
A)  ​94 
B)  ​103 
C)  ​121 
D)  ​180 
E)  ​208

Question 11

Mark is a 23-year-old firefighter who experienced severe burns while fighting a house fire. The nurse recognizes the fact that he may benefit from supplements of _____ to reduce the risk of infection.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A 
B)  ​iron, magnesium, and calcium 
C)  ​sodium, potassium, and chloride 
D)  ​phosphorus, thiamin, and riboflavin 
E)  ​calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K 
A)  ​zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A 
B)  ​iron, magnesium, and calcium 
C)  ​sodium, potassium, and chloride 
D)  ​phosphorus, thiamin, and riboflavin 
E)  ​calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K

Question 12

Adequate fluid intake will help the person with COPD by _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing carbon dioxide output​ 
B)  ​preventing the secretion of overly thick mucus 
C)  ​aiding in weight loss 
D)  ​improving oxygen consumption 
E)  ​reducing abdominal distention 
A)  decreasing carbon dioxide output​ 
B)  ​preventing the secretion of overly thick mucus 
C)  ​aiding in weight loss 
D)  ​improving oxygen consumption 
E)  ​reducing abdominal distention

Question 13

A patient with ARDS requires mechanical ventilation. The nurse recognizes that fluid accumulation is a potential problem that may make it difficult to assess his _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​weight 
B)  ​temperature 
C)  ​kcalorie intake 
D)  ​fluid intake 
E)  ​heart rate 
A)  ​weight 
B)  ​temperature 
C)  ​kcalorie intake 
D)  ​fluid intake 
E)  ​heart rate

Question 14

What complication is most closely associated with severe cases of SIRS or sepsis?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hypertension 
B)  ​fluid retention 
C)  ​hypertriglyceridemia 
D)  ​poor glucose control 
E)  ​intestinal bleeding 
A)  ​hypertension 
B)  ​fluid retention 
C)  ​hypertriglyceridemia 
D)  ​poor glucose control 
E)  ​intestinal bleeding

Question 15

A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. The nurse realizes that this may most likely indicate _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​inadequate nutritional intake 
B)  ​excess protein intake 
C)  ​a fluid imbalance 
D)  ​low levels of vitamin D 
E)  ​refeeding syndrome 
A)  ​inadequate nutritional intake 
B)  ​excess protein intake 
C)  ​a fluid imbalance 
D)  ​low levels of vitamin D 
E)  ​refeeding syndrome

Question 16

When caring for a patient who is suffering from acute illness and metabolic stress, how would clinicians best estimate protein and energy needs?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Adjust nutrient intakes according to patient responses 
B)  ​Underfeed the patient to minimize tissue loss 
C)  ​Maintain the patient at NPO status to promote bowel rest 
D)  ​Overfeed the patient to prevent hypoglycemia 
E)  ​Increase carbohydrate intake to promote weight gain and appropriate energy use 
A)  ​Adjust nutrient intakes according to patient responses 
B)  ​Underfeed the patient to minimize tissue loss 
C)  ​Maintain the patient at NPO status to promote bowel rest 
D)  ​Overfeed the patient to prevent hypoglycemia 
E)  ​Increase carbohydrate intake to promote weight gain and appropriate energy use

Question 17

The major precursor to eicosanoids in the inflammatory process is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cortisol 
B)  ​arachidonic acid 
C)  ​epinephrine 
D)  ​glucagon 
E)  ​norepinephrine 
A)  ​cortisol 
B)  ​arachidonic acid 
C)  ​epinephrine 
D)  ​glucagon 
E)  ​norepinephrine

Question 18

Matching​
-​shock

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 19

Matching​
-​abscesses

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Question 20

Matching​
-​complement

Accepted Answer

A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus 
A) ​the breakdown of muscle tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
B) ​an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of iron metabolism 
C) ​the main airways of the lungs 
D) ​cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine 
E) ​the volume of air a person inhales or exhales each minute
F)​the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
G)​respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury
H)​the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body during stress
I)​progressive lung disease characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
J)​a group of metabolic abnormalities that may result from aggressive refeeding in severely malnourished persons
K)​a method of estimating resting energy expenditure by measuring a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
L)​insufficient oxygen in the blood
M)​a group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies
N)​insufficient oxygen in body tissues
O)​a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
P)​a lung disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs
Q)​shortness of breath
R)​a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection
S)​a bluish cast in the skin due to the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin
T)​accumulations of pus

Exam 16: Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Excessive energy intake in patients with ARDS can worsen respiratory function.​

The inflammatory process can alter immune cell function in the body.​

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.​

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?​

Matching​ -​minute ventilation

Describe the risk factors associated with development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).​

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections.​

Matching​ -​bronchioles

Mary is a 59-year-old patient who suffered multiple broken bones in a motor vehicle accident. She weighs 138 pounds. The nurse chooses a protein factor of 1.5 g/kg to estimate her protein needs and calculates that Mary's protein requirements are approximately _____ grams per day.​

Mark is a 23-year-old firefighter who experienced severe burns while fighting a house fire. The nurse recognizes the fact that he may benefit from supplements of _____ to reduce the risk of infection.​

Adequate fluid intake will help the person with COPD by _____.​

A patient with ARDS requires mechanical ventilation. The nurse recognizes that fluid accumulation is a potential problem that may make it difficult to assess his _____.​

What complication is most closely associated with severe cases of SIRS or sepsis?​

A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. The nurse realizes that this may most likely indicate _____.​

When caring for a patient who is suffering from acute illness and metabolic stress, how would clinicians best estimate protein and energy needs?​

The major precursor to eicosanoids in the inflammatory process is _____.​

Matching​ -​shock

Matching​ -​abscesses

Matching​ -​complement

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Excessive energy intake in patients with ARDS can worsen respiratory function.

The inflammatory process can alter immune cell function in the body.

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?

Matching -minute ventilation

Describe the risk factors associated with development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections.

Matching -bronchioles

Mary is a 59-year-old patient who suffered multiple broken bones in a motor vehicle accident. She weighs 138 pounds. The nurse chooses a protein factor of 1.5 g/kg to estimate her protein needs and calculates that Mary's protein requirements are approximately _____ grams per day.

Mark is a 23-year-old firefighter who experienced severe burns while fighting a house fire. The nurse recognizes the fact that he may benefit from supplements of _____ to reduce the risk of infection.

Adequate fluid intake will help the person with COPD by _____.

A patient with ARDS requires mechanical ventilation. The nurse recognizes that fluid accumulation is a potential problem that may make it difficult to assess his _____.

What complication is most closely associated with severe cases of SIRS or sepsis?

A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. The nurse realizes that this may most likely indicate _____.

When caring for a patient who is suffering from acute illness and metabolic stress, how would clinicians best estimate protein and energy needs?

The major precursor to eicosanoids in the inflammatory process is _____.

Matching -shock

Matching -abscesses

Matching -complement