Exam 19: Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -pruritus

One alcoholic drink that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol is equivalent to _____ ounces of beer.​

Ascites is exacerbated by _____. ​

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -​ insulin resistance

Mrs. Juarez is diagnosed with cirrhosis and has developed ascites. Her appetite is poor and she is losing weight. The nurse realizes that she is at risk for malnutrition and encourages Mrs. Juarez to _____.​

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -jaundice​

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -​ ascites

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds. ​ -To improve Mr. Jamison's appetite, his physician may prescribe _____.​

Nutritional support for hepatitis includes counseling patients to avoid _____.​

Due to the stress of surgery, liver transplant patients require extra _____ in their postoperative diets.​

Describe the possible causes of hepatic encephalopathy.​

Describe post-transplant concerns related to medication use in a patient who has had a liver transplant.​

Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse. Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis. He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds. ​ -Due to the risk of foodborne illness, what food should Mr. Jamison avoid?​

Diuretics are often prescribed to control ascites.​

Because alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of developing some types of chronic disease, medical personnel should recommend that non-drinkers begin drinking alcohol occasionally to reduce their health risks.​

Dietary sodium restriction is a significant part of the treatment for ascites.​

Brian is a 21-year-old Caucasian student who is in his last year of college. Though he is a good student, it has been Brian's practice since freshman year to binge drink on weekends, typically consuming more than a six-pack of beer on Friday and Saturday nights. Brian is 5'11" tall; has weighed about the same, 195 lbs., for the past few years; and is fairly muscular and athletic in his build. He eats most meals in the cafeteria, but despite access to homemade foods, he eats few vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and his diet is high in fat and salt. The only snacks he consumes are from the vending machine, and he usually washes down a bag of corn chips with a soda, or grabs a burger, fries, and beer when out on weekends. He doesn't take any medications and has no significant medical history. A recent physical examination in preparation for basketball season revealed no remarkable physical findings except muscle aches since restarting weight lifting and new-onset stomach pain, which the doctor assesses to be gastritis. A lipid profile found his triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol to be elevated. His blood pressure is slightly elevated. He has a family history of hypertension, stroke, and alcohol abuse. ​ -The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that a healthy limit of alcohol intake for Brian would be _____. ​

Matching a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue b. the small, capillary-like passages that carry blood through liver tissue c. the product of alcohol metabolism that is used as a source of energy by many tissues in the body d. loss of consciousness resulting from severe liver disease e. a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid f. enlargement of the liver g. abnormally low sodium levels in the blood h. the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems i. inflammation of the liver j. a passage within the liver that connects a portion of the portal vein to the hepatic vein using a stent k. liver disease that is related to excessive alcohol consumption l. an accumulation of fat in liver tissue m. the blood vessel that conducts nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver n. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity o. the reduced sensitivity to insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose cells p. abnormally dilated blood vessels q. an alcoholic beverage that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol r. yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin s. itchy skin t. an intermediate in alcohol metabolism that, in excess, can damage the body's tissues and interfere with cellular functions -alcohol abuse

A patient with cirrhosis may present with no symptoms.​

A patient is admitted to the hospital with decreased albumin, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevated bilirubin. The nurse recognizes these clinical findings as evidence of _____. ​