Question 1

Why did Ferdinand and Isabella establish inquisitions in Spain in 1478?

Accepted Answer

A)  The papacy had put pressure on them to establish religious homogeneity on the Iberian peninsula. 
B)  The Ottoman Empire had forged an alliance with the king of Granada to regain territories lost in previous centuries as part of the Christian reconquista. 
C)  Resentment was growing at the success of those Jews who had converted to Christianity. 
D)  The Cathar heresy had not been completely eliminated in the Spanish Pyrenees. 
A)  The papacy had put pressure on them to establish religious homogeneity on the Iberian peninsula. 
B)  The Ottoman Empire had forged an alliance with the king of Granada to regain territories lost in previous centuries as part of the Christian reconquista. 
C)  Resentment was growing at the success of those Jews who had converted to Christianity. 
D)  The Cathar heresy had not been completely eliminated in the Spanish Pyrenees.

Question 2

What factors allowed Renaissance culture to emerge? How can the Renaissance be characterized? How did literature change during this time? How did architecture change?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 3

Why did Constantinople finally succumb to invasion in 1453 when it had withstood so many invasions in the past?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traitors from within betrayed the city to the enemy. 
B)  Its European trading partners failed to assist in its defense. 
C)  The invading Arab armies vastly outnumbered the Greek defenders. 
D)  The use of cannons allowed its walls to be breached. 
A)  Traitors from within betrayed the city to the enemy. 
B)  Its European trading partners failed to assist in its defense. 
C)  The invading Arab armies vastly outnumbered the Greek defenders. 
D)  The use of cannons allowed its walls to be breached.

Question 4

Where did the plague originate? How did it spread throughout Europe?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 5

Why did Joan of Arc, an unknown peasant girl, succeed in helping the French to turn the tide against the English in the Hundred Years' War?

Accepted Answer

A)  She inspired French soldiers to rally round the dauphin. 
B)  She single-handedly defeated an English army at the battle of Orléans and personally crowned Philip VI as king. 
C)  She convinced the Burgundians to switch sides from the English to the French in 1435. 
D)  Because of her religious visions, she drew the support of Pope Martin V, who took the side of the French. 
A)  She inspired French soldiers to rally round the dauphin. 
B)  She single-handedly defeated an English army at the battle of Orléans and personally crowned Philip VI as king. 
C)  She convinced the Burgundians to switch sides from the English to the French in 1435. 
D)  Because of her religious visions, she drew the support of Pope Martin V, who took the side of the French.

Question 6

Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, which of the following shifted support from England to France?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bavaria 
B)  Aragon 
C)  The duchy of Burgundy 
D)  The Papal States 
A)  Bavaria 
B)  Aragon 
C)  The duchy of Burgundy 
D)  The Papal States

Question 7

What were the beliefs held by John Wycliffe (c. 1330-1384)? Did these beliefs survive his death?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 8

During the late medieval period, there was both a flowering of vernacular literature and a

Accepted Answer

A)  rejection of previously popular luxury goods in favor of an austere and simple lifestyle. 
B)  revival of classical learning that led to a new intellectual movement called humanism. 
C)  decline in the study of the Latin language and literature. 
D)  return to the religious traditions of the established church paired with a renewed interest in monasticism. 
A)  rejection of previously popular luxury goods in favor of an austere and simple lifestyle. 
B)  revival of classical learning that led to a new intellectual movement called humanism. 
C)  decline in the study of the Latin language and literature. 
D)  return to the religious traditions of the established church paired with a renewed interest in monasticism.

Question 9

Who did the French select as pope upon the realization that the selection of Urban was a mistake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avignon 
B)  Gregory XI 
C)  Clement VII 
D)  Mehmed II 
A)  Avignon 
B)  Gregory XI 
C)  Clement VII 
D)  Mehmed II

Question 10

In what way may the Hundred Years' War be seen as a world war?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was fought on multiple continents. 
B)  Its outcome had global significance. 
C)  Both the English and the French hired mercenaries from other countries. 
D)  It lasted for more than a century. 
A)  It was fought on multiple continents. 
B)  Its outcome had global significance. 
C)  Both the English and the French hired mercenaries from other countries. 
D)  It lasted for more than a century.

Question 11

Who succeeded in conquering the city of Constantinople in 1453, thus administering the deathblow to the Byzantine Empire?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gregory XI 
B)  Urban 
C)  Mehmed I 
D)  Mehmed II 
A)  Gregory XI 
B)  Urban 
C)  Mehmed I 
D)  Mehmed II

Question 12

Which Renaissance humanist is known for the work Oration on the Dignity of Man?

Accepted Answer

A)  Francis Petrarch 
B)  Christine de Pisan 
C)  Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 
D)  Lauro Quirini 
A)  Francis Petrarch 
B)  Christine de Pisan 
C)  Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 
D)  Lauro Quirini

Question 13

Individuals who sought to appease God by traveling from city to city and scourging themselves with whips were known as

Accepted Answer

A)  mendicants. 
B)  Franciscans. 
C)  flagellants. 
D)  Mongols. 
A)  mendicants. 
B)  Franciscans. 
C)  flagellants. 
D)  Mongols.

Question 14

Where did large numbers of Jews convert to Christianity at the end of the fourteenth century in an effort to save their lives in the face of vast persecution?

Accepted Answer

A)  France 
B)  England 
C)  Spain 
D)  Byzantium 
A)  France 
B)  England 
C)  Spain 
D)  Byzantium

Question 15

How did warfare change during the Hundred Years' War?

Accepted Answer

A)  It became increasingly chivalrous. 
B)  Armies relied on conscripts. 
C)  Knights on horseback played a decisive role. 
D)  Armies became more professional and centralized. 
A)  It became increasingly chivalrous. 
B)  Armies relied on conscripts. 
C)  Knights on horseback played a decisive role. 
D)  Armies became more professional and centralized.

Question 16

Describe the origins of the Great Schism and its political and religious impact in Europe.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 17

What were the two major phases of the Hundred Years' War? What were the key events in the final phase?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 18

How did the plague ironically lead to an expansion of colleges and universities?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 19

What was the Dance of Death, and why was it performed in Europe in the mid-fourteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 20

The period from about 1350 through 1600 in which artists and philosophers revived elements of the classical past is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  scholastic movement. 
B)  Renaissance. 
C)  disillusionment. 
D)  Revolution. 
A)  scholastic movement. 
B)  Renaissance. 
C)  disillusionment. 
D)  Revolution.

Exam 13: Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Why did Ferdinand and Isabella establish inquisitions in Spain in 1478?

What factors allowed Renaissance culture to emerge? How can the Renaissance be characterized? How did literature change during this time? How did architecture change?

Why did Constantinople finally succumb to invasion in 1453 when it had withstood so many invasions in the past?

Where did the plague originate? How did it spread throughout Europe?

Why did Joan of Arc, an unknown peasant girl, succeed in helping the French to turn the tide against the English in the Hundred Years' War?

Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, which of the following shifted support from England to France?

What were the beliefs held by John Wycliffe (c. 1330-1384)? Did these beliefs survive his death?

During the late medieval period, there was both a flowering of vernacular literature and a

Who did the French select as pope upon the realization that the selection of Urban was a mistake?

In what way may the Hundred Years' War be seen as a world war?

Who succeeded in conquering the city of Constantinople in 1453, thus administering the deathblow to the Byzantine Empire?

Which Renaissance humanist is known for the work Oration on the Dignity of Man?

Individuals who sought to appease God by traveling from city to city and scourging themselves with whips were known as

Where did large numbers of Jews convert to Christianity at the end of the fourteenth century in an effort to save their lives in the face of vast persecution?

How did warfare change during the Hundred Years' War?

Describe the origins of the Great Schism and its political and religious impact in Europe.

What were the two major phases of the Hundred Years' War? What were the key events in the final phase?

How did the plague ironically lead to an expansion of colleges and universities?

What was the Dance of Death, and why was it performed in Europe in the mid-fourteenth century?

The period from about 1350 through 1600 in which artists and philosophers revived elements of the classical past is known as the

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

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