Question 1

What was the aim of the Chartist movement, which organized in Britain in the 1830s?

Accepted Answer

A)  To promote liberal values of free trade and personal liberty 
B)  To ensure the continued power of the aristocracy in the face of popular challenges 
C)  To transform Britain into a democracy 
D)  To overthrow the government through popular revolution 
A)  To promote liberal values of free trade and personal liberty 
B)  To ensure the continued power of the aristocracy in the face of popular challenges 
C)  To transform Britain into a democracy 
D)  To overthrow the government through popular revolution

Question 2

What issue took precedence over social reform and constitutional changes in the German states in 1848?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ongoing debates about religious tolerance 
B)  The threat of Russian invasion after its annexation of Poland 
C)  The legal status of ethnic minorities in German-speaking lands 
D)  The goal of German unification 
A)  Ongoing debates about religious tolerance 
B)  The threat of Russian invasion after its annexation of Poland 
C)  The legal status of ethnic minorities in German-speaking lands 
D)  The goal of German unification

Question 3

During the nineteenth century, industrialization often led to a significant increase in population in the region that had industrialized. Based on this map, which of the following European nations likely had very little, or very slow, industrial development during this time?
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Accepted Answer

A)  Poland 
B)  Prussia 
C)  Great Britain 
D)  Portugal 
A)  Poland 
B)  Prussia 
C)  Great Britain 
D)  Portugal

Question 4

Middle-class reformers became concerned about what they perceived to be the urban working classes' increasing

Accepted Answer

A)  moral degeneracy. 
B)  religious extremism. 
C)  nationalistic fervor. 
D)  lack of education. 
A)  moral degeneracy. 
B)  religious extremism. 
C)  nationalistic fervor. 
D)  lack of education.

Question 5

The crop failures of the mid-1840s not only drove up the price of food but also

Accepted Answer

A)  led employers to demand that workers put in unpaid overtime to produce more goods to sell to overseas markets. 
B)  forced the military establishments of Europe to cut back on recruitment. 
C)  destroyed medicines based on plant products, making it harder to fight infections. 
D)  drove down demand for manufactured products, thereby creating widespread unemployment. 
A)  led employers to demand that workers put in unpaid overtime to produce more goods to sell to overseas markets. 
B)  forced the military establishments of Europe to cut back on recruitment. 
C)  destroyed medicines based on plant products, making it harder to fight infections. 
D)  drove down demand for manufactured products, thereby creating widespread unemployment.

Question 6

In 1848, the Chartists staged the largest demonstrations in their ten-year history, yet they failed to win their point because

Accepted Answer

A)  many felt the government was already being responsive to their grievances. 
B)  the Chartist leaders disagreed over the need for trade unions, and the divided leadership let the movement fall apart. 
C)  conservatives were alarmed that many women workers were visibly active in the Chartist movement. 
D)  most workers felt that the movement was too moderate. 
A)  many felt the government was already being responsive to their grievances. 
B)  the Chartist leaders disagreed over the need for trade unions, and the divided leadership let the movement fall apart. 
C)  conservatives were alarmed that many women workers were visibly active in the Chartist movement. 
D)  most workers felt that the movement was too moderate.

Question 7

Why did the 1848 revolution in Hungary ultimately fail to achieve political autonomy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Austrian government took advantage of ethnic and social divisions within the revolutionary movement to suppress the nationalist revolt. 
B)  The workers in Budapest failed to gain support from peasants in the countryside, so they remained a minority voice. 
C)  The working classes and the middle-class liberals disagreed on whether it was more essential to push for political reform or economic reform, and the revolution fell apart. 
D)  The new Hungarian government misjudged its political alliances and sold itself out by siding with Russia against the Austrian Empire. 
A)  The Austrian government took advantage of ethnic and social divisions within the revolutionary movement to suppress the nationalist revolt. 
B)  The workers in Budapest failed to gain support from peasants in the countryside, so they remained a minority voice. 
C)  The working classes and the middle-class liberals disagreed on whether it was more essential to push for political reform or economic reform, and the revolution fell apart. 
D)  The new Hungarian government misjudged its political alliances and sold itself out by siding with Russia against the Austrian Empire.

Question 8

According to the ideology that historians call domesticity, what role were women expected to play in society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women were to devote themselves to their family and their home, living their lives entirely within the domestic sphere. 
B)  Although they were expected to marry and raise a family, women also were encouraged to seek out higher education so that they could properly train their children. 
C)  Women were encouraged to become teachers and social workers so that they might use their innate maternal instincts for the greater good of society. 
D)  Women were educated and trained for careers in law and public service so that politics would be enhanced by women's innate virtue and morality. 
A)  Women were to devote themselves to their family and their home, living their lives entirely within the domestic sphere. 
B)  Although they were expected to marry and raise a family, women also were encouraged to seek out higher education so that they could properly train their children. 
C)  Women were encouraged to become teachers and social workers so that they might use their innate maternal instincts for the greater good of society. 
D)  Women were educated and trained for careers in law and public service so that politics would be enhanced by women's innate virtue and morality.

Question 9

What was the reasoning behind the 1834 passage of a new poor law in Great Britain, dubbed by its critics the "Starvation Act"?

Accepted Answer

A)  That providing food subsidies to married women would reduce illegitimacy 
B)  That denying workhouse access to women under thirty years of age would force their families to care for them 
C)  That reducing the amount of food offered to urban workhouse residents would compel them to leave and return to the countryside 
D)  That the distress caused by the separation of family members from one another in workhouses would encourage the poor to move to areas of higher employment 
A)  That providing food subsidies to married women would reduce illegitimacy 
B)  That denying workhouse access to women under thirty years of age would force their families to care for them 
C)  That reducing the amount of food offered to urban workhouse residents would compel them to leave and return to the countryside 
D)  That the distress caused by the separation of family members from one another in workhouses would encourage the poor to move to areas of higher employment

Question 10

Why was nationalism a particularly complex and explosive issue in the Austrian Empire? What role did nationalism play in the attempted revolutions of 1848, and what was the government's response?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 11

How did peasants in Europe generally respond to the spread of industrialization in the 1840s?

Accepted Answer

A)  They quickly abandoned their farms and moved their families long distances to the cities in the hopes of striking it rich. 
B)  They kept their options open by combining factory or putting-out work with seasonal agricultural labor. 
C)  They held out on their farms for as long as possible but often ended up falling prey to the attractions of a steady salary. 
D)  They completely ignored the impact of industrialization, as it mainly affected urban areas, not the rural farmland. 
A)  They quickly abandoned their farms and moved their families long distances to the cities in the hopes of striking it rich. 
B)  They kept their options open by combining factory or putting-out work with seasonal agricultural labor. 
C)  They held out on their farms for as long as possible but often ended up falling prey to the attractions of a steady salary. 
D)  They completely ignored the impact of industrialization, as it mainly affected urban areas, not the rural farmland.

Question 12

The subject of the map reproduced here directly relates to the rise of what nineteenth-century phenomenon?
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Accepted Answer

A)  Nationalism 
B)  Liberalism 
C)  Socialism 
D)  Industrialization 
A)  Nationalism 
B)  Liberalism 
C)  Socialism 
D)  Industrialization

Question 13

What was the significance of the Factory Act of 1833 in Great Britain?

Accepted Answer

A)  It outlawed the employment of children under nine years of age in most textile mills and limited the number of days and hours older children could work. 
B)  It made it illegal for any child under thirteen years of age to work rather than go to school. 
C)  It outlawed the employment of children under thirteen years of age and limited the number of hours older children could work to eight hours a day. 
D)  It instituted the first workplace safety inspection system in Europe. 
A)  It outlawed the employment of children under nine years of age in most textile mills and limited the number of days and hours older children could work. 
B)  It made it illegal for any child under thirteen years of age to work rather than go to school. 
C)  It outlawed the employment of children under thirteen years of age and limited the number of hours older children could work to eight hours a day. 
D)  It instituted the first workplace safety inspection system in Europe.

Question 14

What major issues were at the root of the revolutions of 1848? Describe the similarities and differences between the causes and outcomes of the revolutions in France, Italy, Prussia, and Austria.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 15

How did the reassertion of conservative rule after 1848 harden gender definitions?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 16

Which nation became the first site of the Industrial Revolution? List at least three factors that fostered industrialization in that country. How did developments in technology contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 17

The failure of the 1848 uprisings in Italy, Germany, and the Austrian Empire had their individual causes, but they shared which major problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reluctance of any leader to step forward and make decisions that were not universally popular 
B)  A lack of funds to undertake the necessary functions of government after seizing power 
C)  The rebels' failure to agree on goals beyond overthrowing the existing government 
D)  The refusal of the rebels to integrate unindustrialized peasants into their movements 
A)  The reluctance of any leader to step forward and make decisions that were not universally popular 
B)  A lack of funds to undertake the necessary functions of government after seizing power 
C)  The rebels' failure to agree on goals beyond overthrowing the existing government 
D)  The refusal of the rebels to integrate unindustrialized peasants into their movements

Question 18

Why did slavery and the slave trade continue for several decades after Britain and France abolished its practice in their empires in the 1830s and 1840s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although slavery was abolished by national legislatures in Europe, few slave owners in the colonies recognized the legitimacy of those acts. 
B)  Spanish and Portuguese traders continued to trade slaves to Brazil, Cuba, and the United States, where the practice of slavery continued unabated. 
C)  Slavery continued in outlaw territories that were not under the control of any European government, as traders recaptured freed slaves from maroon communities. 
D)  Because European governments were so concerned with domestic issues, there was no regulation of the seas or enforcement of the ban on slavery in the affected colonies. 
A)  Although slavery was abolished by national legislatures in Europe, few slave owners in the colonies recognized the legitimacy of those acts. 
B)  Spanish and Portuguese traders continued to trade slaves to Brazil, Cuba, and the United States, where the practice of slavery continued unabated. 
C)  Slavery continued in outlaw territories that were not under the control of any European government, as traders recaptured freed slaves from maroon communities. 
D)  Because European governments were so concerned with domestic issues, there was no regulation of the seas or enforcement of the ban on slavery in the affected colonies.

Question 19

Who were Louis Blanc and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and how did they contribute to the development of a workers' movement in France?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 20

Young Italy, an Italian nationalist group, was founded in 1831 by what exiled nationalist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Albert 
B)  Giuseppe Garibaldi 
C)  Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte 
D)  Giuseppe Mazzini 
A)  Charles Albert 
B)  Giuseppe Garibaldi 
C)  Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte 
D)  Giuseppe Mazzini

Exam 21: Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

What was the aim of the Chartist movement, which organized in Britain in the 1830s?

What issue took precedence over social reform and constitutional changes in the German states in 1848?

During the nineteenth century, industrialization often led to a significant increase in population in the region that had industrialized. Based on this map, which of the following European nations likely had very little, or very slow, industrial development during this time? ​ ​

Middle-class reformers became concerned about what they perceived to be the urban working classes' increasing

The crop failures of the mid-1840s not only drove up the price of food but also

In 1848, the Chartists staged the largest demonstrations in their ten-year history, yet they failed to win their point because

Why did the 1848 revolution in Hungary ultimately fail to achieve political autonomy?

According to the ideology that historians call domesticity, what role were women expected to play in society?

What was the reasoning behind the 1834 passage of a new poor law in Great Britain, dubbed by its critics the "Starvation Act"?

Why was nationalism a particularly complex and explosive issue in the Austrian Empire? What role did nationalism play in the attempted revolutions of 1848, and what was the government's response?

How did peasants in Europe generally respond to the spread of industrialization in the 1840s?

The subject of the map reproduced here directly relates to the rise of what nineteenth-century phenomenon? ​ ​ ​

What was the significance of the Factory Act of 1833 in Great Britain?

What major issues were at the root of the revolutions of 1848? Describe the similarities and differences between the causes and outcomes of the revolutions in France, Italy, Prussia, and Austria.

How did the reassertion of conservative rule after 1848 harden gender definitions?

Which nation became the first site of the Industrial Revolution? List at least three factors that fostered industrialization in that country. How did developments in technology contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

The failure of the 1848 uprisings in Italy, Germany, and the Austrian Empire had their individual causes, but they shared which major problem?

Why did slavery and the slave trade continue for several decades after Britain and France abolished its practice in their empires in the 1830s and 1840s?

Who were Louis Blanc and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and how did they contribute to the development of a workers' movement in France?

Young Italy, an Italian nationalist group, was founded in 1831 by what exiled nationalist?

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Filters

During the nineteenth century, industrialization often led to a significant increase in population in the region that had industrialized. Based on this map, which of the following European nations likely had very little, or very slow, industrial development during this time?

The subject of the map reproduced here directly relates to the rise of what nineteenth-century phenomenon?