Question 1

Which of the following issues became a hotly debated talking point among European politicians at the beginning of the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immigration 
B)  Religious toleration 
C)  Workers' rights 
D)  Sexuality 
A)  Immigration 
B)  Religious toleration 
C)  Workers' rights 
D)  Sexuality

Question 2

By the 1890s, workers, women, and oppressed ethnic groups who had limited rights and political power in nineteenth-century Europe were organizing to demand full civil rights, increased political participation, greater economic leverage, and even national independence. Provide a basic summary of the goals of these groups and the methods they used to achieve them. Assess the response of conservatives and nationalists to these demands.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the Balkans during the early twentieth century is supported by this map?
​
  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  The Austro-Hungarian Empire laid claim to smaller nations like Serbia and Bulgaria. 
B)  Russia had expanded significantly, eclipsing most of Austria-Hungary. 
C)  By 1912, the Ottoman Empire was composed of ethnically and culturally diverse peoples. 
D)  Wanting greater influence, Great Britain began to annex territories in the Balkans. 
A)  The Austro-Hungarian Empire laid claim to smaller nations like Serbia and Bulgaria. 
B)  Russia had expanded significantly, eclipsing most of Austria-Hungary. 
C)  By 1912, the Ottoman Empire was composed of ethnically and culturally diverse peoples. 
D)  Wanting greater influence, Great Britain began to annex territories in the Balkans.

Question 4

What was the name of the ultranationalist, anti-Semitic leader of Austria's Christian Social Party who was elected mayor of Vienna in 1895?

Accepted Answer

A)  Karl Lueger 
B)  Leon Pinsker 
C)  Theodor Herzl 
D)  Rudyard Kipling 
A)  Karl Lueger 
B)  Leon Pinsker 
C)  Theodor Herzl 
D)  Rudyard Kipling

Question 5

Why did the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche announce, "God is dead, we have killed him"?

Accepted Answer

A)  He was a theologian giving a famous sermon on the crucifixion and its impact on humanity. 
B)  He was attempting to rally a crowd to join his anarchist political movement and further destroy social hierarchies. 
C)  He believed that Europeans were witnessing the decline of absolute truths such as those found in religion. 
D)  He was despairing over the declining influence of organized religion over European society. 
A)  He was a theologian giving a famous sermon on the crucifixion and its impact on humanity. 
B)  He was attempting to rally a crowd to join his anarchist political movement and further destroy social hierarchies. 
C)  He believed that Europeans were witnessing the decline of absolute truths such as those found in religion. 
D)  He was despairing over the declining influence of organized religion over European society.

Question 6

What was the primary goal of Sinn Féin, which was founded in 1905?

Accepted Answer

A)  To obtain woman suffrage in the United Kingdom 
B)  To enact legislation strengthening child labor laws and creating shorter factory workdays 
C)  To promote Christian missions throughout the British Empire, especially in India 
D)  To obtain complete Irish independence from Great Britain 
A)  To obtain woman suffrage in the United Kingdom 
B)  To enact legislation strengthening child labor laws and creating shorter factory workdays 
C)  To promote Christian missions throughout the British Empire, especially in India 
D)  To obtain complete Irish independence from Great Britain

Question 7

Who were the Young Turks? How were their goals turned against them once they seized power in 1908, and what was their response?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 8

The British theorist Havelock Ellis emerged as a practitioner of the new field of

Accepted Answer

A)  sinology. 
B)  political economy. 
C)  sexology. 
D)  sociology. 
A)  sinology. 
B)  political economy. 
C)  sexology. 
D)  sociology.

Question 9

What is one way in which Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity challenged mainstream scientific principles?

Accepted Answer

A)  It argued that space and time were not absolute categories, as scientists had always believed, but varied according to the vantage point of the observer. 
B)  It claimed that humans were related to animal species such as apes, from which humans evolved. 
C)  It better explained the properties of explosives and eventually led to the invention of dynamite. 
D)  It revolutionized scientific understanding of genetic diseases through the discovery of DNA. 
A)  It argued that space and time were not absolute categories, as scientists had always believed, but varied according to the vantage point of the observer. 
B)  It claimed that humans were related to animal species such as apes, from which humans evolved. 
C)  It better explained the properties of explosives and eventually led to the invention of dynamite. 
D)  It revolutionized scientific understanding of genetic diseases through the discovery of DNA.

Question 10

What belief about marriage became increasingly common among middle- and upper-class Europeans by the beginning of the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  That socially acceptable marriages might involve same-sex partners 
B)  That marriage was fundamentally about the equitable redistribution of property between generations 
C)  That children should select their own marriage partners 
D)  That marriage was an outmoded institution that was irrelevant to modern social conditions 
A)  That socially acceptable marriages might involve same-sex partners 
B)  That marriage was fundamentally about the equitable redistribution of property between generations 
C)  That children should select their own marriage partners 
D)  That marriage was an outmoded institution that was irrelevant to modern social conditions

Question 11

The South African War (or Boer War), which ended with Britain's defeat of the Boers in 1902, began when

Accepted Answer

A)  the German kaiser Wilhelm II sent an expeditionary force to the Transvaal to show his support for the Boers' territorial claims against the British. 
B)  the Boers seized British businesses within the Natal, the Transvaal, and the Orange Free State. 
C)  a group of Boers stormed the legislative assembly of the Orange Free State and demanded that Boers be granted exemption from British military duty. 
D)  Cecil Rhodes ordered a raid into the Transvaal to stir up conflict between the Boers and British immigrants. 
A)  the German kaiser Wilhelm II sent an expeditionary force to the Transvaal to show his support for the Boers' territorial claims against the British. 
B)  the Boers seized British businesses within the Natal, the Transvaal, and the Orange Free State. 
C)  a group of Boers stormed the legislative assembly of the Orange Free State and demanded that Boers be granted exemption from British military duty. 
D)  Cecil Rhodes ordered a raid into the Transvaal to stir up conflict between the Boers and British immigrants.

Question 12

Like other expressionist art of the period, the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch's painting The Scream (1893) conveyed

Accepted Answer

A)  the peaceful and romantic mood of middle-class life in turn-of-the-century Europe. 
B)  the carnival atmosphere and decadence of Scandinavia at the end of the nineteenth century. 
C)  the political outrage and horror of modern life felt by many Europeans, particularly in the face of middle-class optimism. 
D)  an absence of emotion or imagery and reflected the alienation of the viewer from the artwork itself. 
A)  the peaceful and romantic mood of middle-class life in turn-of-the-century Europe. 
B)  the carnival atmosphere and decadence of Scandinavia at the end of the nineteenth century. 
C)  the political outrage and horror of modern life felt by many Europeans, particularly in the face of middle-class optimism. 
D)  an absence of emotion or imagery and reflected the alienation of the viewer from the artwork itself.

Question 13

What factors contributed to the massive increase in the European population at the turn of the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improvements in technology that made warfare less deadly and diplomatic initiatives to prevent major conflicts 
B)  An increase in government projects to prevent emigration abroad and greater investment in local housing and job training 
C)  Improvements in public health and sanitation that extended the human life span and lowered infant mortality rates 
D)  The annexation of new territories and the growth of European empires, which expanded Europe far beyond its old borders 
A)  Improvements in technology that made warfare less deadly and diplomatic initiatives to prevent major conflicts 
B)  An increase in government projects to prevent emigration abroad and greater investment in local housing and job training 
C)  Improvements in public health and sanitation that extended the human life span and lowered infant mortality rates 
D)  The annexation of new territories and the growth of European empires, which expanded Europe far beyond its old borders

Question 14

In 1911, Liberals in Britain initiated a new social policy funded by new taxes on the wealthy that was known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  Home Rule Bill, which gave Ireland its own parliament. 
B)  Maternal Aid Bill, which provided subsistence incomes for single mothers. 
C)  Old Age Pension Appropriation. 
D)  National Insurance Act, a system of relief for the unemployed. 
A)  Home Rule Bill, which gave Ireland its own parliament. 
B)  Maternal Aid Bill, which provided subsistence incomes for single mothers. 
C)  Old Age Pension Appropriation. 
D)  National Insurance Act, a system of relief for the unemployed.

Question 15

Why was Japan's decisive defeat of Russia in 1905 so troubling for European nations that might otherwise have been pleased at a check to the tsar's power?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 16

In 1896, a Hungarian-born Jew named Theodor Herzl published a book that called for the creation of a Jewish nation-state, which was the goal of what major movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fascism 
B)  Communism 
C)  Judaism 
D)  Zionism 
A)  Fascism 
B)  Communism 
C)  Judaism 
D)  Zionism

Question 17

Despite the fact that the overall population in the West was growing at the end of the nineteenth century,

Accepted Answer

A)  most European governments worried that they lacked enough manpower for their armies. 
B)  the birthrate was falling in almost every country. 
C)  governments still struggled to collect enough taxes to pay for urban improvements. 
D)  average life expectancy did not increase. 
A)  most European governments worried that they lacked enough manpower for their armies. 
B)  the birthrate was falling in almost every country. 
C)  governments still struggled to collect enough taxes to pay for urban improvements. 
D)  average life expectancy did not increase.

Question 18

How did Russia respond to the rise of Japanese imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  By joining into a military and diplomatic alliance with China 
B)  By building the Trans-Siberian Railroad, sending Russian settlers eastward, and sponsoring anti-Japanese groups in Korea 
C)  By attacking Japanese colonies throughout Asia and limiting further Japanese expansion into Europe 
D)  By secretly supporting revolutionaries in Japan who were attempting to overthrow the emperor 
A)  By joining into a military and diplomatic alliance with China 
B)  By building the Trans-Siberian Railroad, sending Russian settlers eastward, and sponsoring anti-Japanese groups in Korea 
C)  By attacking Japanese colonies throughout Asia and limiting further Japanese expansion into Europe 
D)  By secretly supporting revolutionaries in Japan who were attempting to overthrow the emperor

Question 19

How did Hungarian nationalists justify their claims for greater Hungarian influence (or Magyarization) in Austria-Hungary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Budapest was a thriving industrial city, and the export of Hungarian grain had saved the monarchy's finances. 
B)  The Magyars had their own private army, which could potentially overthrow the Habsburg monarchy. 
C)  The Magyars were much more inclusive of ethnic minorities than were other regions of the empire. 
D)  The Magyars were the largest and most influential ethnic group in Austria-Hungary. 
A)  Budapest was a thriving industrial city, and the export of Hungarian grain had saved the monarchy's finances. 
B)  The Magyars had their own private army, which could potentially overthrow the Habsburg monarchy. 
C)  The Magyars were much more inclusive of ethnic minorities than were other regions of the empire. 
D)  The Magyars were the largest and most influential ethnic group in Austria-Hungary.

Question 20

In 1905 and 1911, Germany risked conflict with France by attempting to assert its strength in

Accepted Answer

A)  Sardinia. 
B)  Morocco. 
C)  Bulgaria. 
D)  Algeria. 
A)  Sardinia. 
B)  Morocco. 
C)  Bulgaria. 
D)  Algeria.

Exam 24: Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

Which of the following issues became a hotly debated talking point among European politicians at the beginning of the twentieth century?

Which of the following statements about the Balkans during the early twentieth century is supported by this map? ​ ​

What was the name of the ultranationalist, anti-Semitic leader of Austria's Christian Social Party who was elected mayor of Vienna in 1895?

Why did the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche announce, "God is dead, we have killed him"?

What was the primary goal of Sinn Féin, which was founded in 1905?

Who were the Young Turks? How were their goals turned against them once they seized power in 1908, and what was their response?

The British theorist Havelock Ellis emerged as a practitioner of the new field of

What is one way in which Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity challenged mainstream scientific principles?

What belief about marriage became increasingly common among middle- and upper-class Europeans by the beginning of the twentieth century?

The South African War (or Boer War), which ended with Britain's defeat of the Boers in 1902, began when

Like other expressionist art of the period, the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch's painting The Scream (1893) conveyed

What factors contributed to the massive increase in the European population at the turn of the twentieth century?

In 1911, Liberals in Britain initiated a new social policy funded by new taxes on the wealthy that was known as the

Why was Japan's decisive defeat of Russia in 1905 so troubling for European nations that might otherwise have been pleased at a check to the tsar's power?

In 1896, a Hungarian-born Jew named Theodor Herzl published a book that called for the creation of a Jewish nation-state, which was the goal of what major movement?

Despite the fact that the overall population in the West was growing at the end of the nineteenth century,

How did Russia respond to the rise of Japanese imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

How did Hungarian nationalists justify their claims for greater Hungarian influence (or Magyarization) in Austria-Hungary?

In 1905 and 1911, Germany risked conflict with France by attempting to assert its strength in

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

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Which of the following statements about the Balkans during the early twentieth century is supported by this map?