Question 1

Acute kidney injury is a disorder characterized by an abrupt increase in GFR that results in failure to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If serum sodium levels are elevated, sodium is exchanged with potassium so that homeostasis is restored.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

For kidney stones that are composed of uric acid, avoidance of which kind of foods is recommended?

Accepted Answer

A)  foods high in calcium 
B)  foods high in purines 
C)  foods high in aluminum 
D)  foods low in magnesium 
E)  foods low in oxalates 
A)  foods high in calcium 
B)  foods high in purines 
C)  foods high in aluminum 
D)  foods low in magnesium 
E)  foods low in oxalates

Question 4

The kidneys are two retroperitoneal organs approximately the size of a fist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

During drug-nutrition interaction, which of the following medications decreases the absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc?

Accepted Answer

A)  isoniazid 
B)  tetracycline 
C)  antacid 
D)  antigout 
E)  cycloserine 
A)  isoniazid 
B)  tetracycline 
C)  antacid 
D)  antigout 
E)  cycloserine

Question 6

KL is a 45-year-old male admitted to the hospital with an infection. He is on PD because of the congenital disease of the kidney. He does not have diabetes. HT: 6'  WT: 170 pounds (77 kg)  
-Which of the following is likely true about KL's situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  He goes to a dialysis center three times per week. 
B)  His caloric intake needs to be adjusted to account for calories in dialysate. 
C)  He will have to wait six weeks for the fistula to mature. 
D)  His prostate infection needs antibiotic therapy. 
E)  He is not a candidate for a kidney transplant. 
A)  He goes to a dialysis center three times per week. 
B)  His caloric intake needs to be adjusted to account for calories in dialysate. 
C)  He will have to wait six weeks for the fistula to mature. 
D)  His prostate infection needs antibiotic therapy. 
E)  He is not a candidate for a kidney transplant.

Question 7

Outline the primary functions of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The primary functions of the kidney incl

Question 8

Kidney stones typically consist of calcium salts, cystine, uric acid, or struvite.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the common term used for nephrolithiasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney necrosis 
B)  kidney cancer 
C)  kidney stones 
D)  viral kidney infection 
E)  bacterial kidney infection 
A)  kidney necrosis 
B)  kidney cancer 
C)  kidney stones 
D)  viral kidney infection 
E)  bacterial kidney infection

Question 10

The kidney's role in controlling both hydrogen and bicarbonate ions is a critical component of the maintenance of pH homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which pituitary hormone works at the level of the collecting duct to either increase or decrease absorption of water in order to maintain plasma volume and thus blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  cortisol 
D)  testosterone 
E)  epinephrine 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  cortisol 
D)  testosterone 
E)  epinephrine

Question 12

_______________, the cause of more than 50% of all kidney stones, is defined as urinary calcium excretion greater than 300 mg per 24 hours in men or 250 mg per 24 hours in women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________, the cause of more than 50%...

Question 13

_______________ acute kidney injury results from a blockage of the ureter or neck of the bladder.

Accepted Answer

Postrenal

Question 14

What type of oral iron supplement causes less GI distress?

Accepted Answer

A)  heme iron polypeptide 
B)  ferrous gluconate 
C)  ferrous fumarate 
D)  ferrous sulfate 
E)  polysaccharide 
A)  heme iron polypeptide 
B)  ferrous gluconate 
C)  ferrous fumarate 
D)  ferrous sulfate 
E)  polysaccharide

Question 15

What is a build-up of nitrogenous waste products (such as urea) in the blood and body fluids called?

Accepted Answer

A)  anemia 
B)  proteinuria 
C)  oliguria 
D)  azotemia 
E)  hematuria 
A)  anemia 
B)  proteinuria 
C)  oliguria 
D)  azotemia 
E)  hematuria

Question 16

List the common sources of oral iron supplements.

Accepted Answer

Ferrous gluconate, ferrous sul

Question 17

Calcium citrate is a _______________-binder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calcium citrate is a _______________-binder....

Question 18

The use of active vitamin D sterols decreases calcium absorption in the intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain why kidney stones are formed.

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones (renal lithiasis or nephro

Question 20

What percentage of kidney transplant patients display dyslipidemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  40% 
D)  55% 
E)  70% 
A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  40% 
D)  55% 
E)  70%

Exam 18: Diseases of the Renal System

Acute kidney injury is a disorder characterized by an abrupt increase in GFR that results in failure to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

If serum sodium levels are elevated, sodium is exchanged with potassium so that homeostasis is restored.

For kidney stones that are composed of uric acid, avoidance of which kind of foods is recommended?

The kidneys are two retroperitoneal organs approximately the size of a fist.

During drug-nutrition interaction, which of the following medications decreases the absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc?

KL is a 45-year-old male admitted to the hospital with an infection. He is on PD because of the congenital disease of the kidney. He does not have diabetes. HT: 6' WT: 170 pounds (77 kg) -Which of the following is likely true about KL's situation?

Outline the primary functions of the kidney.

Kidney stones typically consist of calcium salts, cystine, uric acid, or struvite.

What is the common term used for nephrolithiasis?

The kidney's role in controlling both hydrogen and bicarbonate ions is a critical component of the maintenance of pH homeostasis.

Which pituitary hormone works at the level of the collecting duct to either increase or decrease absorption of water in order to maintain plasma volume and thus blood pressure?

_______________, the cause of more than 50% of all kidney stones, is defined as urinary calcium excretion greater than 300 mg per 24 hours in men or 250 mg per 24 hours in women.

_______________ acute kidney injury results from a blockage of the ureter or neck of the bladder.

What type of oral iron supplement causes less GI distress?

What is a build-up of nitrogenous waste products (such as urea) in the blood and body fluids called?

List the common sources of oral iron supplements.

Calcium citrate is a _______________-binder.

The use of active vitamin D sterols decreases calcium absorption in the intestine.

Explain why kidney stones are formed.

What percentage of kidney transplant patients display dyslipidemia?

Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Health Care System

Overview the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition Informatics and Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

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