Question 1

The reverse transcriptase complex is a crucial enzyme for retroviruses. Which catalytic activity does reverse transcriptase have?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA-dependent RNA synthesis 
B)  RNA degradation via RNase H 
C)  DNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
D)  RNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
E)  DNA-dependent RNA synthesis 
A)  RNA-dependent RNA synthesis 
B)  RNA degradation via RNase H 
C)  DNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
D)  RNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
E)  DNA-dependent RNA synthesis

Question 2

Which HIV protein is mismatched with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  nef-virion component 
B)  vpu-membrane protein 
C)  rev-reverse transcriptase 
D)  tat-transcription factor 
E)  env-envelope protein 
A)  nef-virion component 
B)  vpu-membrane protein 
C)  rev-reverse transcriptase 
D)  tat-transcription factor 
E)  env-envelope protein

Question 3

Herpes simplex virus latent infections are seen more frequently in nerve cells, such as

Accepted Answer

A)  the trigeminal ganglion. 
B)  the glia. 
C)  multipolar neurons. 
D)  the basal nuclei. 
E)  astrocytes. 
A)  the trigeminal ganglion. 
B)  the glia. 
C)  multipolar neurons. 
D)  the basal nuclei. 
E)  astrocytes.

Question 4

The term "________" describes the mutation-caused emergence of multiple viral strains that present differing properties of replication, tissue tropism, and drug resistance within a single infected individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid species 
B)  candidatus species 
C)  quasispecies 
D)  lethal species 
E)  type species 
A)  hybrid species 
B)  candidatus species 
C)  quasispecies 
D)  lethal species 
E)  type species

Question 5

The neuraminidase inhibitor ________ is currently used to treat influenza infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleconaril 
B)  Tamiflu 
C)  Zidovudine 
D)  Acyclovir 
E)  Vitravene 
A)  Pleconaril 
B)  Tamiflu 
C)  Zidovudine 
D)  Acyclovir 
E)  Vitravene

Question 6

HIV-infected cells can fuse with neighboring cells, subsequently forming a giant multinucleate cell known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  transgene. 
B)  syncytium. 
C)  hypha. 
D)  tumor. 
E)  coenocyte. 
A)  transgene. 
B)  syncytium. 
C)  hypha. 
D)  tumor. 
E)  coenocyte.

Question 7

The director of a laboratory in charge of making the flu vaccine for the upcoming season is planning her production strategy. She must consider the phenomenon of reassortment, in which

Accepted Answer

A)  two different viruses contribute genome segments to a reassorted genome that remains segmented. 
B)  two different viruses contribute genetic material to form a recombinant molecule. 
C)  genes within a genomic segment of a virus undergo a fast mutation rate in the presence of another virus. 
D)  there is antigenetic shift. 
E)  there is antigenetic drift. 
A)  two different viruses contribute genome segments to a reassorted genome that remains segmented. 
B)  two different viruses contribute genetic material to form a recombinant molecule. 
C)  genes within a genomic segment of a virus undergo a fast mutation rate in the presence of another virus. 
D)  there is antigenetic shift. 
E)  there is antigenetic drift.

Question 8

The figure below shows the process attachment of HIV to a host cell. Which step is blocked by the antiviral agent maraviroc?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, CD4 binding 
B)  1, CCR5 binding 
C)  2, formation of the fusion peptide 
D)  3, release of gp120 
E)  4, reverse transcriptase activity 
A)  1, CD4 binding 
B)  1, CCR5 binding 
C)  2, formation of the fusion peptide 
D)  3, release of gp120 
E)  4, reverse transcriptase activity

Question 9

The figure below shows a partial map (0 to about 22 kbp) of the lambda DNA genome. Which gene or gene set is mislabeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-lysis/lysogeny switch 
B)  B-head 
C)  C-tail 
D)  D-tail tip 
E)  E-tail fibers 
A)  A-lysis/lysogeny switch 
B)  B-head 
C)  C-tail 
D)  D-tail tip 
E)  E-tail fibers

Question 10

Pigs function as "mixing bowls" for avian, human, and swine influenza strains. What is the biochemical mechanism for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The influenza virions use a glycoprotein

Question 11

Glycosylation and packaging of the HIV env proteins occur in the

Accepted Answer

A)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  membrane. 
D)  Golgi. 
E)  cytoplasm. 
A)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  membrane. 
D)  Golgi. 
E)  cytoplasm.

Question 12

After Dr. Esther Lederberg crossed a standard stock of Escherichia coli K-12 with UV-mutagenized cells of the same strain, she observed the formation of plaques, but only among the mutagenized colonies. What was the explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

UV treatment led to the loss of the lamb

Question 13

The lack of ________ in some people makes them resistant to HIV infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4 receptors on the macrophages 
B)  CCR5 receptors on the macrophages 
C)  T4 lymphocytes 
D)  B-cell receptors 
E)  nuclear factor kappa beta in the B cells 
A)  CD4 receptors on the macrophages 
B)  CCR5 receptors on the macrophages 
C)  T4 lymphocytes 
D)  B-cell receptors 
E)  nuclear factor kappa beta in the B cells

Question 14

Replication of herpes viruses requires all of the following elements EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  primase. 
B)  helicase. 
C)  single-strand DNA binding proteins. 
D)  ligase. 
E)  viral DNA polymerase. 
A)  primase. 
B)  helicase. 
C)  single-strand DNA binding proteins. 
D)  ligase. 
E)  viral DNA polymerase.

Question 15

Describe how priming for mRNA synthesis or template synthesis for viral progeny of influenza A virus differs from typical mRNA synthesis mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

To make a (+) strand mRNA, the RNA-depen

Question 16

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  herpes simplex virus 2-genital lesions 
B)  varicella-zoster virus-chickenpox, shingles 
C)  papillomavirus-genital warts 
D)  variola major virus-smallpox 
E)  None of the examples are mismatched. 
A)  herpes simplex virus 2-genital lesions 
B)  varicella-zoster virus-chickenpox, shingles 
C)  papillomavirus-genital warts 
D)  variola major virus-smallpox 
E)  None of the examples are mismatched.

Question 17

Worldwide, HIV infects one in ________ adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  50 
C)  100 
D)  500 
E)  1,000 
A)  20 
B)  50 
C)  100 
D)  500 
E)  1,000

Question 18

To decrease risks, viruses used for gene therapy are extensively engineered to incorporate safety features such as

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of virulence genes. 
B)  ensuring insertion in regions near oncogenes. 
C)  pseudotyping to alter tissue specificity. 
D)  alteration of the germ line. 
E)  ensuring deletions in regions near oncogenes. 
A)  the presence of virulence genes. 
B)  ensuring insertion in regions near oncogenes. 
C)  pseudotyping to alter tissue specificity. 
D)  alteration of the germ line. 
E)  ensuring deletions in regions near oncogenes.

Question 19

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of lentiviral vectors with respect to adenoviral vectors.

Accepted Answer

Adenoviral vectors are only temporarily

Question 20

The segmentation of the influenza genome is conducive to ________, which can be defined as the process by which two different viruses swap genome segments to form a new genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  recombination 
B)  hybridization 
C)  ligation 
D)  reassortment 
E)  shuffling 
A)  recombination 
B)  hybridization 
C)  ligation 
D)  reassortment 
E)  shuffling

Exam 11: Viral Molecular Biology

The reverse transcriptase complex is a crucial enzyme for retroviruses. Which catalytic activity does reverse transcriptase have?

Which HIV protein is mismatched with its function?

Herpes simplex virus latent infections are seen more frequently in nerve cells, such as

The term "________" describes the mutation-caused emergence of multiple viral strains that present differing properties of replication, tissue tropism, and drug resistance within a single infected individual.

The neuraminidase inhibitor ________ is currently used to treat influenza infections.

HIV-infected cells can fuse with neighboring cells, subsequently forming a giant multinucleate cell known as a

The director of a laboratory in charge of making the flu vaccine for the upcoming season is planning her production strategy. She must consider the phenomenon of reassortment, in which

The figure below shows the process attachment of HIV to a host cell. Which step is blocked by the antiviral agent maraviroc?

The figure below shows a partial map (0 to about 22 kbp) of the lambda DNA genome. Which gene or gene set is mislabeled?

Pigs function as "mixing bowls" for avian, human, and swine influenza strains. What is the biochemical mechanism for this phenomenon?

Glycosylation and packaging of the HIV env proteins occur in the

After Dr. Esther Lederberg crossed a standard stock of Escherichia coli K-12 with UV-mutagenized cells of the same strain, she observed the formation of plaques, but only among the mutagenized colonies. What was the explanation for this phenomenon?

The lack of ________ in some people makes them resistant to HIV infection.

Replication of herpes viruses requires all of the following elements EXCEPT

Describe how priming for mRNA synthesis or template synthesis for viral progeny of influenza A virus differs from typical mRNA synthesis mechanisms.

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Worldwide, HIV infects one in ________ adults.

To decrease risks, viruses used for gene therapy are extensively engineered to incorporate safety features such as

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of lentiviral vectors with respect to adenoviral vectors.

The segmentation of the influenza genome is conducive to ________, which can be defined as the process by which two different viruses swap genome segments to form a new genome.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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