Question 1

What determines the host range and tropism of a virus?

Accepted Answer

Viruses must attach to specific host cel

Question 2

What happens when marine algae overgrows?

Accepted Answer

They can generate a bloom that covers th

Question 3

Which structure of a virion protects it from degradation and enables it to be transmitted outside the host?

Accepted Answer

A)  capsule 
B)  capsid 
C)  envelope 
D)  nucleus 
E)  spikes 
A)  capsule 
B)  capsid 
C)  envelope 
D)  nucleus 
E)  spikes

Question 4

A polyhedron with 20 sides has identical ________ faces.

Accepted Answer

A)  helical 
B)  filamentous 
C)  rectangular 
D)  triangular 
E)  asymmetrical 
A)  helical 
B)  filamentous 
C)  rectangular 
D)  triangular 
E)  asymmetrical

Question 5

What viruses are classified by using the suffix viridae?

Accepted Answer

A)  genera 
B)  families 
C)  species 
D)  orders 
E)  classes 
A)  genera 
B)  families 
C)  species 
D)  orders 
E)  classes

Question 6

Who was distinguished for modifying tissue culture procedure for plaque assays?

Accepted Answer

A)  David Baltimore 
B)  Renato Dulbecco 
C)  Xinzheng Zhang 
D)  Paulo Verardi 
E)  Howard Temin 
A)  David Baltimore 
B)  Renato Dulbecco 
C)  Xinzheng Zhang 
D)  Paulo Verardi 
E)  Howard Temin

Question 7

Explain the process shown in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

This is an adenovirus infectin

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of double-stranded RNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  herpes viruses 
B)  corona viruses 
C)  retrovirus 
D)  orthomixoviruses 
E)  hepadnaviruses 
A)  herpes viruses 
B)  corona viruses 
C)  retrovirus 
D)  orthomixoviruses 
E)  hepadnaviruses

Question 9

How can a virus be used to transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another?

Accepted Answer

In the process of transduction, a lysoge

Question 10

Which virus is differentiated by being taken up by endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatitis C 
B)  human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  syphilis 
E)  chlamydia 
A)  hepatitis C 
B)  human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  syphilis 
E)  chlamydia

Question 11

Identify the outer structure shown in the figure below. What is it composed of and how does it differ from the bacterial version?

Accepted Answer

The viral envelope is composed of the ph

Question 12

Name the different types of receptors shown in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

Different types of receptors s

Question 13

Define oncogenes and oncogenic viruses, and explain how they can be used in gene therapy.

Accepted Answer

Oncogenes are genes that, when expressed

Question 14

Compare and contrast the Baltimore classification of viruses to the proteomic analysis of bacteriophages. Which more accurately reflects the significant impact of phage evolution?

Accepted Answer

The Baltimore classification divides the

Question 15

What role do acute viruses play in their ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer genes across species 
B)  act as predator or parasite 
C)  evolve symbiotically with host 
D)  act as a bioweapon 
E)  act as a viral shunt 
A)  transfer genes across species 
B)  act as predator or parasite 
C)  evolve symbiotically with host 
D)  act as a bioweapon 
E)  act as a viral shunt

Question 16

Why do many RNA viruses encode their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and package them in viral particles? How do we take advantage of these viral-specific polymerases?

Accepted Answer

Animal or bacterial cells lack RNA-depen

Question 17

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the life cycle of a lytic phage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phage DNA is injected into the bacterial cell. 
B)  The phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  Many copies of phage DNA are made. 
D)  The phage DNA is transcribed, and the resulting mRNA is translated to make capsid proteins. 
E)  All of the steps listed are part of the life cycle of a lytic phage. 
A)  Phage DNA is injected into the bacterial cell. 
B)  The phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  Many copies of phage DNA are made. 
D)  The phage DNA is transcribed, and the resulting mRNA is translated to make capsid proteins. 
E)  All of the steps listed are part of the life cycle of a lytic phage.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the three forms a virus can assume?

Accepted Answer

A)  prion 
B)  viral genome integrated within host DNA 
C)  intracellular replication complex 
D)  virion 
E)  virus particle 
A)  prion 
B)  viral genome integrated within host DNA 
C)  intracellular replication complex 
D)  virion 
E)  virus particle

Question 19

The integrated phage genome is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  temperate. 
B)  lysogen. 
C)  oncogene. 
D)  lytic. 
E)  prophage. 
A)  temperate. 
B)  lysogen. 
C)  oncogene. 
D)  lytic. 
E)  prophage.

Question 20

A key factor in the evolution of killer strains of influenza is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  only have eight genes. 
B)  have an RNA genome. 
C)  contain reverse transcriptase. 
D)  have a segmented genome. 
E)  have a circular chromosome. 
A)  only have eight genes. 
B)  have an RNA genome. 
C)  contain reverse transcriptase. 
D)  have a segmented genome. 
E)  have a circular chromosome.

Exam 6: Viruses

What determines the host range and tropism of a virus?

What happens when marine algae overgrows?

Which structure of a virion protects it from degradation and enables it to be transmitted outside the host?

A polyhedron with 20 sides has identical ________ faces.

What viruses are classified by using the suffix viridae?

Who was distinguished for modifying tissue culture procedure for plaque assays?

Explain the process shown in the figure below.

Which of the following is an example of double-stranded RNA viruses?

How can a virus be used to transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another?

Which virus is differentiated by being taken up by endocytosis?

Identify the outer structure shown in the figure below. What is it composed of and how does it differ from the bacterial version?

Name the different types of receptors shown in the figure below.

Define oncogenes and oncogenic viruses, and explain how they can be used in gene therapy.

Compare and contrast the Baltimore classification of viruses to the proteomic analysis of bacteriophages. Which more accurately reflects the significant impact of phage evolution?

What role do acute viruses play in their ecosystem?

Why do many RNA viruses encode their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and package them in viral particles? How do we take advantage of these viral-specific polymerases?

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the life cycle of a lytic phage?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three forms a virus can assume?

The integrated phage genome is called a(n)

A key factor in the evolution of killer strains of influenza is that they

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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