Question 1

An icosahedral capsid is classified as having how many sides?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  10 
E)  20 
A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  10 
E)  20

Question 2

A(n) ________ phage may integrate its genome into that of the host cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  lytic 
B)  temperate 
C)  viroid 
D)  asymmetrical 
E)  oncogenic 
A)  lytic 
B)  temperate 
C)  viroid 
D)  asymmetrical 
E)  oncogenic

Question 3

Which structure remains outside, attached to the cell surface, after the genome is inserted?

Accepted Answer

A)  an envelope 
B)  a neck 
C)  tail fibers 
D)  a ghost 
E)  temperate 
A)  an envelope 
B)  a neck 
C)  tail fibers 
D)  a ghost 
E)  temperate

Question 4

In contrast to animal viruses and bacteriophages, plant viruses infect cells by mechanisms that do NOT involve specific

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  envelopes. 
D)  vectors. 
E)  hosts. 
A)  receptors. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  envelopes. 
D)  vectors. 
E)  hosts.

Question 5

What phages have been used to nucleate the growth of crystalline "nanowires" for electronic devices?

Accepted Answer

A)  icosahedral 
B)  complex 
C)  asymmetrical 
D)  filamentous 
E)  viroid 
A)  icosahedral 
B)  complex 
C)  asymmetrical 
D)  filamentous 
E)  viroid

Question 6

So far, the known mechanisms of replication and mRNA expression define how many fundamental groups of virus species?

Accepted Answer

A)  five 
B)  six 
C)  seven 
D)  eight 
E)  nine 
A)  five 
B)  six 
C)  seven 
D)  eight 
E)  nine

Question 7

Filamentous viruses are classified in part by the pattern of capsid monomers, which form a ________ tube around the genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  icosahedral 
B)  filamentous 
C)  asymmetrical 
D)  complex 
E)  helical 
A)  icosahedral 
B)  filamentous 
C)  asymmetrical 
D)  complex 
E)  helical

Question 8

Evaluate what determines which cycle a temperate phage will go through as shown in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

Proteins bind DNA to repress viral repli

Question 9

Proteomic analysis predicts seven major evolutionary categories of phage species with subgroups based on

Accepted Answer

A)  type of genetic material. 
B)  virion structure. 
C)  shared hosts. 
D)  transcriptional strategy. 
E)  replicase gene sequence. 
A)  type of genetic material. 
B)  virion structure. 
C)  shared hosts. 
D)  transcriptional strategy. 
E)  replicase gene sequence.

Question 10

Which of the following is a term for the observable destruction of cells as a result of viral lysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue culture 
B)  lawn 
C)  soft agar 
D)  plaque 
E)  host 
A)  tissue culture 
B)  lawn 
C)  soft agar 
D)  plaque 
E)  host

Question 11

David Baltimore proposed that the primary distinction among classes of viruses was the ________ composition and the route used to express messenger RNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  genome 
B)  envelope 
C)  capsid 
D)  tegument 
E)  neck 
A)  genome 
B)  envelope 
C)  capsid 
D)  tegument 
E)  neck

Question 12

All of the following are true about the measles virus EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is encased by an envelope of membrane. 
B)  fuses with the host cell membrane during infection. 
C)  has progeny that bud out of the host cell. 
D)  generates a rash of red spots on the skin of infected patients. 
E)  is never fatal. 
A)  is encased by an envelope of membrane. 
B)  fuses with the host cell membrane during infection. 
C)  has progeny that bud out of the host cell. 
D)  generates a rash of red spots on the skin of infected patients. 
E)  is never fatal.

Question 13

Some viruses require an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. What does that mean? What would you call the host cell RNA polymerase (RNA pol)? What would you call reverse transcriptase (RTase)?

Accepted Answer

An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase means th

Question 14

Which is the period of time that is categorized by virtually undetectable virions inside the infected cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  eclipse 
B)  latent 
C)  rise 
D)  burst 
E)  lag 
A)  eclipse 
B)  latent 
C)  rise 
D)  burst 
E)  lag

Question 15

All of the following criteria are used to classify viruses according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  genome composition. 
B)  size of the virus particle. 
C)  envelope. 
D)  capsid symmetry. 
E)  mutation rate. 
A)  genome composition. 
B)  size of the virus particle. 
C)  envelope. 
D)  capsid symmetry. 
E)  mutation rate.

Question 16

During the eclipse period of a viral infection, why are the virions undetectable in the growth medium?

Accepted Answer

The virions attach to cell-sur

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of the pararetroviruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have an RNA genome. 
B)  They do not make a DNA intermediate. 
C)  Some have a viral reverse transcriptase. 
D)  Some use a host reverse transcriptase. 
E)  They consist of human and plant pathogens. 
A)  They have an RNA genome. 
B)  They do not make a DNA intermediate. 
C)  Some have a viral reverse transcriptase. 
D)  Some use a host reverse transcriptase. 
E)  They consist of human and plant pathogens.

Question 18

What are prions and how do they cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Prions are aberrant forms of naturally o

Question 19

CRISPR is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial gene. 
B)  bacterial enzyme. 
C)  bacterial immune system. 
D)  inactive viral RNA. 
E)  cascade protein. 
A)  bacterial gene. 
B)  bacterial enzyme. 
C)  bacterial immune system. 
D)  inactive viral RNA. 
E)  cascade protein.

Question 20

Which infectious agent is identified by the nucleic acid genome being the entire infectious particle?

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses 
B)  prions 
C)  viroids 
D)  virions 
E)  bacteria 
A)  viruses 
B)  prions 
C)  viroids 
D)  virions 
E)  bacteria

Exam 6: Viruses

An icosahedral capsid is classified as having how many sides?

A(n) ________ phage may integrate its genome into that of the host cell.

Which structure remains outside, attached to the cell surface, after the genome is inserted?

In contrast to animal viruses and bacteriophages, plant viruses infect cells by mechanisms that do NOT involve specific

What phages have been used to nucleate the growth of crystalline "nanowires" for electronic devices?

So far, the known mechanisms of replication and mRNA expression define how many fundamental groups of virus species?

Filamentous viruses are classified in part by the pattern of capsid monomers, which form a ________ tube around the genome.

Evaluate what determines which cycle a temperate phage will go through as shown in the figure below.

Proteomic analysis predicts seven major evolutionary categories of phage species with subgroups based on

Which of the following is a term for the observable destruction of cells as a result of viral lysis?

David Baltimore proposed that the primary distinction among classes of viruses was the ________ composition and the route used to express messenger RNA.

All of the following are true about the measles virus EXCEPT that it

Some viruses require an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. What does that mean? What would you call the host cell RNA polymerase (RNA pol)? What would you call reverse transcriptase (RTase)?

Which is the period of time that is categorized by virtually undetectable virions inside the infected cell?

All of the following criteria are used to classify viruses according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses EXCEPT

During the eclipse period of a viral infection, why are the virions undetectable in the growth medium?

Which of the following is NOT true of the pararetroviruses?

What are prions and how do they cause disease?

CRISPR is a(n)

Which infectious agent is identified by the nucleic acid genome being the entire infectious particle?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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