Question 1

Left on their own, heterotrophs would deplete the world of ________ sources and starve to death.

Accepted Answer

A)  usable nitrogen 
B)  organic carbon 
C)  water 
D)  energy 
E)  oxygen 
A)  usable nitrogen 
B)  organic carbon 
C)  water 
D)  energy 
E)  oxygen

Question 2

Compare and contrast the ABC transporters and group translocation in terms of energy requirements and concentration gradients.

Accepted Answer

Both forms of transport require energy.

Question 3

Which of the following prokaryotic transport systems does NOT require the use of cellular energy to bring compounds into the cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  ABC transport 
C)  siderophores 
D)  group translocation 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  ABC transport 
C)  siderophores 
D)  group translocation 
E)  endocytosis

Question 4

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  sulfur 
D)  calcium 
E)  zinc 
A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  sulfur 
D)  calcium 
E)  zinc

Question 5

How do scientists know of the existence of "unculturable" organisms?

Accepted Answer

They know by using molecular biology too

Question 6

There is a constant struggle to survive in natural habitats because of a lack of

Accepted Answer

A)  food. 
B)  sunlight. 
C)  water. 
D)  oxygen. 
E)  minerals. 
A)  food. 
B)  sunlight. 
C)  water. 
D)  oxygen. 
E)  minerals.

Question 7

How do some cyanobacteria fix nitrogen while growing aerobically?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not, because nitrogenase is destroyed by oxygen. 
B)  They use special cells called heterocysts that protect the enzyme. 
C)  They use spores that protect the enzyme. 
D)  They do it using no special structures or mechanisms. 
E)  They live symbiotically with other organisms that protect the enzyme. 
A)  They do not, because nitrogenase is destroyed by oxygen. 
B)  They use special cells called heterocysts that protect the enzyme. 
C)  They use spores that protect the enzyme. 
D)  They do it using no special structures or mechanisms. 
E)  They live symbiotically with other organisms that protect the enzyme.

Question 8

During the stationary phase, E. coli reprograms itself. What does it do to protect itself?

Accepted Answer

It decreases its size so that less nutri

Question 9

The most widely used solidifying agent is ________, which is derived from seaweed.

Accepted Answer

A)  agar 
B)  gelatin 
C)  starch 
D)  cellulose 
E)  glycogen 
A)  agar 
B)  gelatin 
C)  starch 
D)  cellulose 
E)  glycogen

Question 10

The time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called the ________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death 
A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death

Question 11

Compare and contrast the difference between electrogenic and electroneutral coupled transport and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Electrogenic coupled transport results i

Question 12

A(n) ________ is an organism that lives in an intimate association with a second organism.

Accepted Answer

A)  commensal 
B)  parasite 
C)  heterocyst 
D)  endospore 
E)  symbiont 
A)  commensal 
B)  parasite 
C)  heterocyst 
D)  endospore 
E)  symbiont

Question 13

If you determined the number of cells in a sample using viable plate counts and optical density measurements, why would the results from the two methods be so different?

Accepted Answer

Cell numbers from optical density measur

Question 14

Compare and contrast complex media, synthetic media, and enriched media.

Accepted Answer

Complex media contain things such as yea

Question 15

The shortest lag period would most likely be observed in the transfer

Accepted Answer

A)  from complex medium to fresh complex medium. 
B)  from complex medium to minimal medium. 
C)  to a lower temperature. 
D)  to a different pH. 
E)  to a different salt concentration. 
A)  from complex medium to fresh complex medium. 
B)  from complex medium to minimal medium. 
C)  to a lower temperature. 
D)  to a different pH. 
E)  to a different salt concentration.

Question 16

Why would an organism go through the process of sporulation? How might endospores cause problems in the food industry?

Accepted Answer

When nutrients are not as readily availa

Question 17

When the population doubles during each given unit of time, the growth is

Accepted Answer

A)  linear. 
B)  semilogarithmic. 
C)  exponential. 
D)  geometric. 
E)  arithmetic. 
A)  linear. 
B)  semilogarithmic. 
C)  exponential. 
D)  geometric. 
E)  arithmetic.

Question 18

Describe the differences between batch culture and growth in a chemostat. What are the advantages of a chemostat?

Accepted Answer

Batch culture represents growth in a clo

Question 19

What is the classic approach for finding new antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  screening animals for secreted antimicrobial compounds 
B)  harvesting them from individuals with immunity 
C)  screening bacteria and fungi for secreted antimicrobial compounds 
D)  harvesting them from sick individuals 
E)  synthesizing them in the laboratory 
A)  screening animals for secreted antimicrobial compounds 
B)  harvesting them from individuals with immunity 
C)  screening bacteria and fungi for secreted antimicrobial compounds 
D)  harvesting them from sick individuals 
E)  synthesizing them in the laboratory

Question 20

Siderophore-iron complexes enter cells with the help of

Accepted Answer

A)  porins. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  ABC transporters. 
E)  efflux pumps. 
A)  porins. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  ABC transporters. 
E)  efflux pumps.

Exam 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Left on their own, heterotrophs would deplete the world of ________ sources and starve to death.

Compare and contrast the ABC transporters and group translocation in terms of energy requirements and concentration gradients.

Which of the following prokaryotic transport systems does NOT require the use of cellular energy to bring compounds into the cells?

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

How do scientists know of the existence of "unculturable" organisms?

There is a constant struggle to survive in natural habitats because of a lack of

How do some cyanobacteria fix nitrogen while growing aerobically?

During the stationary phase, E. coli reprograms itself. What does it do to protect itself?

The most widely used solidifying agent is ________, which is derived from seaweed.

The time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called the ________ phase.

Compare and contrast the difference between electrogenic and electroneutral coupled transport and give an example of each.

A(n) ________ is an organism that lives in an intimate association with a second organism.

If you determined the number of cells in a sample using viable plate counts and optical density measurements, why would the results from the two methods be so different?

Compare and contrast complex media, synthetic media, and enriched media.

The shortest lag period would most likely be observed in the transfer

Why would an organism go through the process of sporulation? How might endospores cause problems in the food industry?

When the population doubles during each given unit of time, the growth is

Describe the differences between batch culture and growth in a chemostat. What are the advantages of a chemostat?

What is the classic approach for finding new antibiotics?

Siderophore-iron complexes enter cells with the help of

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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