Question 1

Which statement best describes how overspecialization can affect a species?

Accepted Answer

A)  New adaptations will never occur in a highly specialized species. 
B)  Highly specialized adaptations enable a species to live anywhere on Earth. 
C)  If the habitat around a specialized species changes, the species always evolves new specialized adaptations. 
D)  Highly specialized adaptations are rare in species that occupy a very limited geographic range. 
E)  Highly specialized adaptations in a species increase the likelihood of extinction if the environment changes. 
A)  New adaptations will never occur in a highly specialized species. 
B)  Highly specialized adaptations enable a species to live anywhere on Earth. 
C)  If the habitat around a specialized species changes, the species always evolves new specialized adaptations. 
D)  Highly specialized adaptations are rare in species that occupy a very limited geographic range. 
E)  Highly specialized adaptations in a species increase the likelihood of extinction if the environment changes.

Question 2

Polyploidy is an important mechanism of speciation in animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In many species of fireflies, males flash light from their abdomens to attract females. Each species has a different flashing pattern. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  geographic isolation. 
D)  mechanical incompatibility. 
E)  ecological isolation. 
A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  geographic isolation. 
D)  mechanical incompatibility. 
E)  ecological isolation.

Question 4

When a species invades a new habitat and evolves rapidly into several new species to better exploit new resources, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic divergence 
B)  Adaptive radiation 
C)  Extinction 
D)  Polyploidy 
E)  Hybridization 
A)  Genetic divergence 
B)  Adaptive radiation 
C)  Extinction 
D)  Polyploidy 
E)  Hybridization

Question 5

All members of the golden hamster species known today are descendants of a single litter collected in Syria in 1939. Its diploid chromosome number is 44. Two other species of hamster, each with a diploid number of 22, overlap geographically in Syria. The golden hamster is thought to be a new species from the mating of a male and female of the two other hamster species. What mechanism might explain this recent event of speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptive radiation 
B)  Polyploidy 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Formation of a fertile hybrid and halving of the chromosome number of this hybrid 
E)  Disruptive selection 
A)  Adaptive radiation 
B)  Polyploidy 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Formation of a fertile hybrid and halving of the chromosome number of this hybrid 
E)  Disruptive selection

Question 6

Two populations of plants found in the same meadow look identical but are fertilized by different pollinators- one by a night- flying hummingbird moth, the other by honeybees that fly by day. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  geographic isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  ecological isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  mechanical incompatibility. 
A)  geographic isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  ecological isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  mechanical incompatibility.

Question 7

A group of an interbreeding natural population that is reproductively isolated from other such groups is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  genus. 
B)  community. 
C)  tribe. 
D)  species. 
E)  genotype. 
A)  genus. 
B)  community. 
C)  tribe. 
D)  species. 
E)  genotype.

Question 8

In the late 1700s, two populations of minnows became isolated when an earthquake altered the path of a river. Now the populations can no longer successfully breed with each other even when they are both moved to the same pond. These organisms have undergone speciation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the late 1700s, two populations of...

Question 9

The introduction of a few individuals into a new habitat that is unoccupied by other members of the species is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  founder event. 
B)  limited speciation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  adaptive radiation. 
A)  founder event. 
B)  limited speciation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  adaptive radiation.

Question 10

In what type of habitat, or under what types of environmental conditions, would you expect adaptive radiation to occur?

Accepted Answer

Any habitat in which many different type

Question 11

The series of events depicted in the figure demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  hybrid infertility. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  hybrid infertility.

Question 12

Two species of snails are physically unable to mate. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical incompatibility. 
B)  geographic isolation. 
C)  ecological isolation. 
D)  behavioral isolation 
E)  temporal isolation. 
A)  mechanical incompatibility. 
B)  geographic isolation. 
C)  ecological isolation. 
D)  behavioral isolation 
E)  temporal isolation.

Question 13

A horse has a diploid number (2n) of 64 and a donkey has 2n = 62. The hybrid of these two species, mules, have 2n = 63 and are sterile. Why are mules sterile?

Accepted Answer

A)  One chromosome is unpaired and fails to divide properly during meiosis. 
B)  Mules cannot physically mate with each other. 
C)  Mules cannot physically mate with horses and donkeys. 
D)  Horses are not able to form new species. 
E)  Mules are not true hybrids. 
A)  One chromosome is unpaired and fails to divide properly during meiosis. 
B)  Mules cannot physically mate with each other. 
C)  Mules cannot physically mate with horses and donkeys. 
D)  Horses are not able to form new species. 
E)  Mules are not true hybrids.

Question 14

The biological species concept cannot be applied to

Accepted Answer

A)  species resulting from adaptive radiation. 
B)  extinct organisms. 
C)  allopatric populations. 
D)  sympatric populations. 
E)  polyploid populations. 
A)  species resulting from adaptive radiation. 
B)  extinct organisms. 
C)  allopatric populations. 
D)  sympatric populations. 
E)  polyploid populations.

Question 15

Fruit fly species all look similar to one another. If you have a male and a female fruit fly, how can you prove that they are the same species, according to the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  If they mate successfully and their offspring are fertile, they are the same species. 
B)  Examine them closely with a low- power microscope, comparing their physical characteristics to published species key lists of characteristics. 
C)  Determine the base sequence of the DNA of their chromosomes. 
D)  If they mate when they are put together, they are the same species. 
E)  If they can asexually reproduce and their offspring can also successfully asexually reproduce, they are the same species. 
A)  If they mate successfully and their offspring are fertile, they are the same species. 
B)  Examine them closely with a low- power microscope, comparing their physical characteristics to published species key lists of characteristics. 
C)  Determine the base sequence of the DNA of their chromosomes. 
D)  If they mate when they are put together, they are the same species. 
E)  If they can asexually reproduce and their offspring can also successfully asexually reproduce, they are the same species.

Question 16

Premating isolation mechanisms occur when two species have different and incompatible mating behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Two different species of pine release their pollen at different times of the year. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  geographic isolation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  behavioral isolation. 
E)  ecological isolation. 
A)  geographic isolation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  behavioral isolation. 
E)  ecological isolation.

Question 18

Two species of garter snakes live in the same geographic area. One lives mainly in water and the other mainly on land; therefore, they rarely encounter each other and do not interbreed. What type of isolation is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal 
B)  Behavioral 
C)  Ecological 
D)  Mechanical 
E)  Geographic 
A)  Temporal 
B)  Behavioral 
C)  Ecological 
D)  Mechanical 
E)  Geographic

Question 19

When offspring are infertile after breeding occurs between individuals of different species, the genetic identities of the two populations are protected by

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  genetic isolation. 
A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  genetic isolation.

Question 20

Two species of squirrels live on either side of the Grand Canyon. It is believed that a long time ago, before being separated by the canyon, they were the same species. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid inviability. 
B)  mechanical isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  allopatric speciation. 
E)  behavioral isolation. 
A)  hybrid inviability. 
B)  mechanical isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  allopatric speciation. 
E)  behavioral isolation.

Exam 17: The Origin of Species

Which statement best describes how overspecialization can affect a species?

Polyploidy is an important mechanism of speciation in animals.

In many species of fireflies, males flash light from their abdomens to attract females. Each species has a different flashing pattern. This is an example of

When a species invades a new habitat and evolves rapidly into several new species to better exploit new resources, what has occurred?

Two populations of plants found in the same meadow look identical but are fertilized by different pollinators- one by a night- flying hummingbird moth, the other by honeybees that fly by day. This is an example of

A group of an interbreeding natural population that is reproductively isolated from other such groups is called a

In the late 1700s, two populations of minnows became isolated when an earthquake altered the path of a river. Now the populations can no longer successfully breed with each other even when they are both moved to the same pond. These organisms have undergone speciation.

The introduction of a few individuals into a new habitat that is unoccupied by other members of the species is a(n)

In what type of habitat, or under what types of environmental conditions, would you expect adaptive radiation to occur?

The series of events depicted in the figure demonstrates

Two species of snails are physically unable to mate. This is an example of

A horse has a diploid number (2n) of 64 and a donkey has 2n = 62. The hybrid of these two species, mules, have 2n = 63 and are sterile. Why are mules sterile?

The biological species concept cannot be applied to

Fruit fly species all look similar to one another. If you have a male and a female fruit fly, how can you prove that they are the same species, according to the biological species concept?

Premating isolation mechanisms occur when two species have different and incompatible mating behaviors.

Two different species of pine release their pollen at different times of the year. This is an example of

Two species of garter snakes live in the same geographic area. One lives mainly in water and the other mainly on land; therefore, they rarely encounter each other and do not interbreed. What type of isolation is this?

When offspring are infertile after breeding occurs between individuals of different species, the genetic identities of the two populations are protected by

Two species of squirrels live on either side of the Grand Canyon. It is believed that a long time ago, before being separated by the canyon, they were the same species. This is an example of

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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