Question 1

The respiratory systems of fishes, frogs, sponges, and earthworms are similar in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  exchange gases across a moist respiratory surface. 
B)  have internal respiratory structures. 
C)  have a countercurrent exchange system. 
D)  employ an extensive system of air sacs that ensures a unidirectional flow of air. 
E)  utilize a complex network of air- conducting tubes. 
A)  exchange gases across a moist respiratory surface. 
B)  have internal respiratory structures. 
C)  have a countercurrent exchange system. 
D)  employ an extensive system of air sacs that ensures a unidirectional flow of air. 
E)  utilize a complex network of air- conducting tubes.

Question 2

Imagine that a patient is admitted to the hospital after falling from the second- story window of her apartment. Tests reveal no injuries other than some swelling in the brain. Why, then, would her breathing become irregular?

Accepted Answer

A)  The damage to the brain is affecting the respiratory center in the medulla. 
B)  Her swollen brain is causing a decrease in blood pressure. 
C)  Her tissues require more oxygen for healing. 
D)  The respiratory center in the lungs is malfunctioning due to a lack of carbon dioxide. 
E)  The blood returning to the lungs from the brain is too high in oxygen. 
A)  The damage to the brain is affecting the respiratory center in the medulla. 
B)  Her swollen brain is causing a decrease in blood pressure. 
C)  Her tissues require more oxygen for healing. 
D)  The respiratory center in the lungs is malfunctioning due to a lack of carbon dioxide. 
E)  The blood returning to the lungs from the brain is too high in oxygen.

Question 3

Which of the following structures is the site of gas exchange in the human lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea 
B)  Bronchioles 
C)  Alveoli 
D)  Bronchi 
E)  Larynx 
A)  Trachea 
B)  Bronchioles 
C)  Alveoli 
D)  Bronchi 
E)  Larynx

Question 4

The respiratory membrane is a combination of

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchioles and capillary walls. 
B)  alveolar and capillary walls. 
C)  bronchi and air sacs. 
D)  bronchi and bronchioles. 
E)  bronchioles and air sacs. 
A)  bronchioles and capillary walls. 
B)  alveolar and capillary walls. 
C)  bronchi and air sacs. 
D)  bronchi and bronchioles. 
E)  bronchioles and air sacs.

Question 5

Gills are respiratory structures found in fish, nudibranch mollusks, and some amphibians.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What causes smoker's cough?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smoking affects the respiratory center neurons in the medulla. 
B)  Carbon monoxide in the smoke triggers the cough reflex. 
C)  Nicotine irritates the lining of the lung. 
D)  Smoking damages the cilia that normally remove debris- laden mucus. 
A)  Smoking affects the respiratory center neurons in the medulla. 
B)  Carbon monoxide in the smoke triggers the cough reflex. 
C)  Nicotine irritates the lining of the lung. 
D)  Smoking damages the cilia that normally remove debris- laden mucus.

Question 7

Most carbon dioxide is transported in red blood cells bound to hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following structures protects the delicate gills of many fish?

Accepted Answer

A)  An alveolus 
B)  Spiracles 
C)  An operculum 
D)  Tracheoles 
E)  Lamellae 
A)  An alveolus 
B)  Spiracles 
C)  An operculum 
D)  Tracheoles 
E)  Lamellae

Question 9

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport of gases between the blood and the alveolus. 
B)  facilitated diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus. 
C)  facilitated diffusion of gases between the hemoglobin and the alveolus. 
D)  active transport of gases between hemoglobin and the alveolus. 
E)  diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus. 
A)  active transport of gases between the blood and the alveolus. 
B)  facilitated diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus. 
C)  facilitated diffusion of gases between the hemoglobin and the alveolus. 
D)  active transport of gases between hemoglobin and the alveolus. 
E)  diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus.

Question 10

A layer of smooth muscle in the wall of this tiny air- conducting tube allows it to regulate its diameter.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharynx 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Alveolus 
D)  Bronchiole 
E)  Trachea 
A)  Pharynx 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Alveolus 
D)  Bronchiole 
E)  Trachea

Question 11

If a respiratory surface dries out, gas exchange will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease for oxygen but increase for carbon dioxide. 
B)  decrease for carbon dioxide but increase for oxygen. 
C)  not be affected. 
D)  not occur. 
E)  increase. 
A)  decrease for oxygen but increase for carbon dioxide. 
B)  decrease for carbon dioxide but increase for oxygen. 
C)  not be affected. 
D)  not occur. 
E)  increase.

Question 12

Which of the following structures is NOT part of an insect respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parabronchi 
B)  Spiracles 
C)  Tracheae 
D)  Tracheoles 
A)  Parabronchi 
B)  Spiracles 
C)  Tracheae 
D)  Tracheoles

Question 13

What happens during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air exits the alveoli. 
B)  The diaphragm contracts. 
C)  The intercostal muscles relax. 
D)  The chest cavity decreases in size. 
E)  The heart pumps blood to the lungs. 
A)  Air exits the alveoli. 
B)  The diaphragm contracts. 
C)  The intercostal muscles relax. 
D)  The chest cavity decreases in size. 
E)  The heart pumps blood to the lungs.

Question 14

All flatworms use their skin as a respiratory organ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A thin slice of lung tissue looks like a cross- section of

Accepted Answer

A)  a carrot. 
B)  a blown- up balloon. 
C)  a sponge. 
D)  a piece of wood. 
E)  a ball of worms. 
A)  a carrot. 
B)  a blown- up balloon. 
C)  a sponge. 
D)  a piece of wood. 
E)  a ball of worms.

Question 16

Which of the following occurs in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  As oxygen- poor blood travels through the lungs, it releases all of its carbon dioxide. 
B)  Air loses all of its oxygen. 
C)  Gases move by bulk flow into and out of the blood. 
D)  Some of the oxygen in the air moves into the blood, and some of the carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the air. 
E)  Oxygen and carbon dioxide move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. 
A)  As oxygen- poor blood travels through the lungs, it releases all of its carbon dioxide. 
B)  Air loses all of its oxygen. 
C)  Gases move by bulk flow into and out of the blood. 
D)  Some of the oxygen in the air moves into the blood, and some of the carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the air. 
E)  Oxygen and carbon dioxide move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.

Question 17

Which sequence of animals represents the evolution of animal respiratory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lizard, fish, bird, salamander 
B)  Fish, salamander, lizard, bird 
C)  Salamander, lizard, fish, bird 
D)  Bird, lizard, salamander, fish 
E)  Fish, lizard, salamander, bird 
A)  Lizard, fish, bird, salamander 
B)  Fish, salamander, lizard, bird 
C)  Salamander, lizard, fish, bird 
D)  Bird, lizard, salamander, fish 
E)  Fish, lizard, salamander, bird

Question 18

The surface area of all respiratory systems must be large compared with the size of the animal involved because diffusion is a relatively slow process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What keeps the trachea from collapsing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surface tension of water 
B)  Surfactant 
C)  Semicircular rings of cartilage 
D)  Cilia 
A)  Surface tension of water 
B)  Surfactant 
C)  Semicircular rings of cartilage 
D)  Cilia

Question 20

Which of the following represents the correct air pathway during exhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles 
B)  Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli 
C)  Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, larynx, trachea 
D)  Bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli, trachea, larynx 
A)  Trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles 
B)  Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli 
C)  Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, larynx, trachea 
D)  Bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli, trachea, larynx

Exam 34: Respiration

The respiratory systems of fishes, frogs, sponges, and earthworms are similar in that they

Imagine that a patient is admitted to the hospital after falling from the second- story window of her apartment. Tests reveal no injuries other than some swelling in the brain. Why, then, would her breathing become irregular?

Which of the following structures is the site of gas exchange in the human lung?

The respiratory membrane is a combination of

Gills are respiratory structures found in fish, nudibranch mollusks, and some amphibians.

What causes smoker's cough?

Most carbon dioxide is transported in red blood cells bound to hemoglobin.

Which of the following structures protects the delicate gills of many fish?

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs as a result of

A layer of smooth muscle in the wall of this tiny air- conducting tube allows it to regulate its diameter.

If a respiratory surface dries out, gas exchange will

Which of the following structures is NOT part of an insect respiratory system?

What happens during inhalation?

All flatworms use their skin as a respiratory organ.

A thin slice of lung tissue looks like a cross- section of

Which of the following occurs in the lungs?

Which sequence of animals represents the evolution of animal respiratory systems?

The surface area of all respiratory systems must be large compared with the size of the animal involved because diffusion is a relatively slow process.

What keeps the trachea from collapsing?

Which of the following represents the correct air pathway during exhalation?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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