Question 1

Urea

Accepted Answer

A)  is the waste product with the smallest molecular size in the glomerular filtrate 
B)  is in greater concentration at the end of the proximal tubule than in other body fluids 
C)  has a clearance rate greater than GFR 
D)  is the waste product with the smallest molecular size in the glomerular filtrate and is in greater concentration at the end of the proximal tubule than in other body fluids 
E)  all of these 
A)  is the waste product with the smallest molecular size in the glomerular filtrate 
B)  is in greater concentration at the end of the proximal tubule than in other body fluids 
C)  has a clearance rate greater than GFR 
D)  is the waste product with the smallest molecular size in the glomerular filtrate and is in greater concentration at the end of the proximal tubule than in other body fluids 
E)  all of these

Question 2

Complete each of the following statments.
The micturition reflex center is located in the ____________________ region of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The micturition...

Question 3

Acute renal failure may be reversible, whereas chronic renal failure is not reversible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________% of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________% of...

Question 6

The pores in the glomerular membrane are too small for albumin to pass through.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Given the following data for substance X (GFR = 125 ml/min, Tm = 125 mg/min, at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 ml), how much of substance X is filtered, reabsorbed, and excreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  200 mg/min filtered, 125 mg/min reabsorbed, 75 mg/min excreted 
B)  250 mg/min filtered, 125 mg/min reabsorbed, 125 mg/min excreted 
C)  125 mg/min filtered, 125 mg/min reabsorbed, 0 mg/min excreted 
D)  250 mg/min filtered, 200 mg/min reabsorbed, 50 mg/min excreted 
E)  none of these 
A)  200 mg/min filtered, 125 mg/min reabsorbed, 75 mg/min excreted 
B)  250 mg/min filtered, 125 mg/min reabsorbed, 125 mg/min excreted 
C)  125 mg/min filtered, 125 mg/min reabsorbed, 0 mg/min excreted 
D)  250 mg/min filtered, 200 mg/min reabsorbed, 50 mg/min excreted 
E)  none of these

Question 8

Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  distal tubule 
A)  collecting duct 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  distal tubule

Question 9

The renal threshold represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Angiotensinogen is produced by the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The permeability and transport properties of the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are important in establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Tm is the maximum

Accepted Answer

A)  rate of glomerular filtration 
B)  rate a substance can be reabsorbed because of saturation of the carrier molecule 
C)  rate of urine excretion 
D)  rate a substance can be cleared from the blood 
E)  percentage of renal blood flow that can be converted to filtrate 
A)  rate of glomerular filtration 
B)  rate a substance can be reabsorbed because of saturation of the carrier molecule 
C)  rate of urine excretion 
D)  rate a substance can be cleared from the blood 
E)  percentage of renal blood flow that can be converted to filtrate

Question 13

If a substance has a plasma concentration of 150 mg/ml and a urine concentration of 1.7 mg/ml, and the urine flow rate is 1.3 ml/min, what is the clearance of this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 ml/min 
B)  196 ml/min 
C)  0.4 ml/min 
D)  cannot be determined with these data 
E)  none of these 
A)  15 ml/min 
B)  196 ml/min 
C)  0.4 ml/min 
D)  cannot be determined with these data 
E)  none of these

Question 14

When blood volume becomes abnormally low

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium reabsorption is diminished. 
B)  Dilute urine is formed. 
C)  Renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen. 
D)  Aldosterone is secreted by the kidney. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  Sodium reabsorption is diminished. 
B)  Dilute urine is formed. 
C)  Renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen. 
D)  Aldosterone is secreted by the kidney. 
E)  All of these.

Question 15

The presence of vasopressin acts to prevent the reabsorption of water from the distal and collecting tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Inulin is

Accepted Answer

A)  filtered, not reabsorbed, but secreted 
B)  filtered, not reabsorbed, and not secreted 
C)  filtered, reabsorbed, and not secreted 
D)  filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted 
E)  not filtered 
A)  filtered, not reabsorbed, but secreted 
B)  filtered, not reabsorbed, and not secreted 
C)  filtered, reabsorbed, and not secreted 
D)  filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted 
E)  not filtered

Question 17

Tubular secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B)  can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms 
C)  of K+ occurs in the distal and collecting tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone 
D)  of organic anions and cations occurs in the proximal tubule by two distinct types of carriers 
E)  all of these 
A)  refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B)  can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms 
C)  of K+ occurs in the distal and collecting tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone 
D)  of organic anions and cations occurs in the proximal tubule by two distinct types of carriers 
E)  all of these

Question 18

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

Accepted Answer

Urinary in

Question 19

Tubular maximum (Tm)

Accepted Answer

A)  is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period 
B)  is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus 
C)  occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated 
D)  is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period, and occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated 
E)  is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus, and occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated 
A)  is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period 
B)  is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus 
C)  occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated 
D)  is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period, and occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated 
E)  is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus, and occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated

Question 20

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

Urea

Complete each of the following statments. The micturition reflex center is located in the ____________________ region of the spinal cord.

Acute renal failure may be reversible, whereas chronic renal failure is not reversible.

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________% of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

The pores in the glomerular membrane are too small for albumin to pass through.

Given the following data for substance X (GFR = 125 ml/min, Tm = 125 mg/min, at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 ml), how much of substance X is filtered, reabsorbed, and excreted?

Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney?

The renal threshold represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time.

Angiotensinogen is produced by the kidney.

The permeability and transport properties of the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are important in establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.

Tm is the maximum

If a substance has a plasma concentration of 150 mg/ml and a urine concentration of 1.7 mg/ml, and the urine flow rate is 1.3 ml/min, what is the clearance of this substance?

When blood volume becomes abnormally low

The presence of vasopressin acts to prevent the reabsorption of water from the distal and collecting tubules.

Inulin is

Tubular secretion

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

Tubular maximum (Tm)

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Given the following data for substance X (GFR = 125 ml/min, T_m = 125 mg/min, at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 ml), how much of substance X is filtered, reabsorbed, and excreted?

T_m is the maximum

Tubular maximum (T_m)