Question 1

The vast majority of the extracellular fluid's osmotic activity is contributed by

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma proteins 
B)  Na+ and its attendant anions 
C)  K+ and its attendant anions 
D)  Ca2+ and its attendant anions 
E)  red blood cells 
A)  plasma proteins 
B)  Na+ and its attendant anions 
C)  K+ and its attendant anions 
D)  Ca2+ and its attendant anions 
E)  red blood cells B

Question 2

A ____ exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive balance 
B)  negative balance 
C)  stable balance 
D)  state of equilibrium 
E)  steady state 
A)  positive balance 
B)  negative balance 
C)  stable balance 
D)  state of equilibrium 
E)  steady state C

Question 3

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3, then alkalosis is present because neutral pH equals 7.0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3, acidosis is said to exist even though a solution with a pH of 7.30 is chemically considered to be basic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Complete each of the following statments.
An absence of the hormone ____________________ leads to the formation of keto acids in the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
An absence...

Question 10

The thirst center is closely related to, or perhaps identical with, the cells that secrete vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is the acid found in the stomach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is...

Question 12

Complete each of the following statments.
On the average, ____________________% of the body weight consists of H2O.

Accepted Answer

Question 13

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes slower and shallower.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H2O than an isotonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a normal, healthy person, H2O intake equals H2O output.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When [H+] decreases, the kidneys excrete less HCO3- into the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Complete each of the following statments.
The filtration rate of H+ equals plasma [H+] times the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

Question 18

Insensible water loss includes loss

Accepted Answer

A)  during cellular metabolism 
B)  from the lungs 
C)  from sweat 
D)  in the feces 
E)  none of these 
A)  during cellular metabolism 
B)  from the lungs 
C)  from sweat 
D)  in the feces 
E)  none of these

Question 19

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  When [H+] increases, the kidneys conserve HCO3- by reabsorbing more HCO3- and reducing its excretion in the urine. 
B)  When [H+] increases, the kidneys secrete more H+ to be eliminated in the urine. 
C)  When [H+] increases, the kidneys secrete more basic phosphate to buffer the H+ in the tubular filtrate. 
D)  When [H+] decreases, the kidneys excrete more HCO3- into the urine. 
E)  When severe acidosis is present, the kidney tubules secrete NH3. 
A)  When [H+] increases, the kidneys conserve HCO3- by reabsorbing more HCO3- and reducing its excretion in the urine. 
B)  When [H+] increases, the kidneys secrete more H+ to be eliminated in the urine. 
C)  When [H+] increases, the kidneys secrete more basic phosphate to buffer the H+ in the tubular filtrate. 
D)  When [H+] decreases, the kidneys excrete more HCO3- into the urine. 
E)  When severe acidosis is present, the kidney tubules secrete NH3.

Exam 15: A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The vast majority of the extracellular fluid's osmotic activity is contributed by

A ____ exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output.

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3, then alkalosis is present because neutral pH equals 7.0.

Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium.

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3, acidosis is said to exist even though a solution with a pH of 7.30 is chemically considered to be basic.

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.

Complete each of the following statments. An absence of the hormone ____________________ leads to the formation of keto acids in the body.

The thirst center is closely related to, or perhaps identical with, the cells that secrete vasopressin.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ is the acid found in the stomach.

Complete each of the following statments. On the average, ____________________% of the body weight consists of H2O.

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes slower and shallower.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H2O than an isotonic solution.

In a normal, healthy person, H2O intake equals H2O output.

When [H+] decreases, the kidneys excrete less HCO3- into the urine.

Complete each of the following statments. The filtration rate of H+ equals plasma [H+] times the ____________________.

Insensible water loss includes loss

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

Which statement is incorrect?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. On the average, ____________________% of the body weight consists of H₂O.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H₂O than an isotonic solution.

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O intake equals H₂O output.

When [H⁺] decreases, the kidneys excrete less HCO₃^- into the urine.

Complete each of the following statments. The filtration rate of H⁺ equals plasma [H⁺] times the ____________________.