Question 1

A molecule of nitrogen exerts more pressure than a molecule of oxygen because nitrogen is a larger molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Pacemaker activity that establishes the rhythmicity of breathing resides in the

Accepted Answer

A)  lung tissue 
B)  respiratory muscles 
C)  dorsal respiratory group 
D)  phrenic nerve 
E)  reciprocal relationship between the inspiratory and expiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group 
A)  lung tissue 
B)  respiratory muscles 
C)  dorsal respiratory group 
D)  phrenic nerve 
E)  reciprocal relationship between the inspiratory and expiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group C

Question 3

Which of the following forces does not contribute to keeping the alveoli open?

Accepted Answer

A)  alveolar surface tension 
B)  transmural pressure gradient. 
C)  pulmonary surfactant 
D)  alveolar interdependence 
E)  none of these 
A)  alveolar surface tension 
B)  transmural pressure gradient. 
C)  pulmonary surfactant 
D)  alveolar interdependence 
E)  none of these A

Question 4

The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is

Accepted Answer

A)  about 40 mmHg 
B)  equivalent to alveolar partial pressure 
C)  dramatically different than pulmonary arteries' partial pressure 
D)  about 40 mmHg and equivalent to alveolar partial pressure 
E)  all of these 
A)  about 40 mmHg 
B)  equivalent to alveolar partial pressure 
C)  dramatically different than pulmonary arteries' partial pressure 
D)  about 40 mmHg and equivalent to alveolar partial pressure 
E)  all of these

Question 5

Bronchodilation of the air passages involves the ____ of their smooth muscle contraction and the ____ of their radius.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; decrease 
B)  decrease; increase 
C)  increase; decrease 
D)  increase; increase 
E)  none of these 
A)  decrease; decrease 
B)  decrease; increase 
C)  increase; decrease 
D)  increase; increase 
E)  none of these

Question 6

The stretch receptors for the Hering-Breuer reflex are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphragm 
B)  elastic tissue of the lungs 
C)  medulla 
D)  smooth muscle of the airways 
E)  trachea 
A)  diaphragm 
B)  elastic tissue of the lungs 
C)  medulla 
D)  smooth muscle of the airways 
E)  trachea

Question 7

Complete each of the following statments.
The peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the ____________________ and ____________________ bodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The peripheral...

Question 8

Complete each of the following statments.
The volume occupied by the conducting airways is known as the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The volume...

Question 9

In the breathing cycle, the atmospheric pressure normally does not change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

A)  combines preferentially with O2 over any other substance 
B)  when combined with carbon dioxide, is known as carboxyhemoglobin 
C)  plays a critical role in determining the amount of O2 that is exchanged between alveoli and blood because it acts as a storage depot, removing dissolved O2 from the blood and keeping $\mathrm { P } _ { 0 _ { 2 } }$ low by allowing net diffusion of O2 to continue until the hemoglobin is completely saturated 
D)  combines preferentially with O2 over any other substance, and when combined with carbon dioxide, is known as carboxyhemoglobin 
E)  all of these 
A)  combines preferentially with O2 over any other substance 
B)  when combined with carbon dioxide, is known as carboxyhemoglobin 
C)  plays a critical role in determining the amount of O2 that is exchanged between alveoli and blood because it acts as a storage depot, removing dissolved O2 from the blood and keeping $\mathrm { P } _ { 0 _ { 2 } }$ low by allowing net diffusion of O2 to continue until the hemoglobin is completely saturated 
D)  combines preferentially with O2 over any other substance, and when combined with carbon dioxide, is known as carboxyhemoglobin 
E)  all of these

Question 11

For inspiration to occur, the intra-alveolar pressure must be lower than the atmospheric pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Air flow through the smaller bronchioles can be adjusted by varying the contractile activity of the smooth muscle within their walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The primary regulator of the magnitude of ventilation in normal circumstances is the

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ concentration of the brain extracellular fluid monitored by central chemoreceptors 
B)  $\mathrm { P } _ { 0 _ { 2 } }$ of the arterial blood monitored by central chemoreceptors 
C)  $\mathrm { P } _ { 0 _ { 2 } }$ of the arterial blood monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { Co } _ { 2 } }$ of arterial blood monitored by central chemoreceptors 
E)  $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { Co } _ { 2 } }$ of arterial blood monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors 
A)  H+ concentration of the brain extracellular fluid monitored by central chemoreceptors 
B)  $\mathrm { P } _ { 0 _ { 2 } }$ of the arterial blood monitored by central chemoreceptors 
C)  $\mathrm { P } _ { 0 _ { 2 } }$ of the arterial blood monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { Co } _ { 2 } }$ of arterial blood monitored by central chemoreceptors 
E)  $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { Co } _ { 2 } }$ of arterial blood monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 14

Complete each of the following statments.
The ____________________ serves as a common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The ____________________...

Question 15

Alveolar partial pressures do not fluctuate to any extent between inspiration and expiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to Laplace's law, the magnitude of the inward-directed collapsing pressure of a spherical bubble is directly proportional to both the surface tension and the radius of the bubble.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following would decrease diffusion of a gas across the alveolar/pulmonary capillary membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in thickness of the membrane 
B)  an increase in surface area of the membrane 
C)  an increase in the partial pressure gradient 
D)  an increase in thickness of the membrane and an increase in the partial pressure gradient 
E)  all of these 
A)  an increase in thickness of the membrane 
B)  an increase in surface area of the membrane 
C)  an increase in the partial pressure gradient 
D)  an increase in thickness of the membrane and an increase in the partial pressure gradient 
E)  all of these

Question 18

Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease generally have more trouble exhaling than inhaling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Elastic recoil refers to the tendency of the chest wall to expand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

When the diaphragm contracts

Accepted Answer

A)  The volume of the thoracic cavity increases. 
B)  Lung volume increases as the lungs are forced to expand. 
C)  The intra-alveolar pressure increases. 
D)  The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and lung volume increases as the lungs are forced to expand. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  The volume of the thoracic cavity increases. 
B)  Lung volume increases as the lungs are forced to expand. 
C)  The intra-alveolar pressure increases. 
D)  The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and lung volume increases as the lungs are forced to expand. 
E)  All of these.

Exam 13: A--The Respiratory System

A molecule of nitrogen exerts more pressure than a molecule of oxygen because nitrogen is a larger molecule.

Pacemaker activity that establishes the rhythmicity of breathing resides in the

Which of the following forces does not contribute to keeping the alveoli open?

The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is

Bronchodilation of the air passages involves the ____ of their smooth muscle contraction and the ____ of their radius.

The stretch receptors for the Hering-Breuer reflex are located in the

Complete each of the following statments. The peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the ____________________ and ____________________ bodies.

Complete each of the following statments. The volume occupied by the conducting airways is known as the ____________________.

In the breathing cycle, the atmospheric pressure normally does not change.

Hemoglobin

For inspiration to occur, the intra-alveolar pressure must be lower than the atmospheric pressure.

Air flow through the smaller bronchioles can be adjusted by varying the contractile activity of the smooth muscle within their walls.

The primary regulator of the magnitude of ventilation in normal circumstances is the

Complete each of the following statments. The ____________________ serves as a common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems.

Alveolar partial pressures do not fluctuate to any extent between inspiration and expiration.

According to Laplace's law, the magnitude of the inward-directed collapsing pressure of a spherical bubble is directly proportional to both the surface tension and the radius of the bubble.

Which of the following would decrease diffusion of a gas across the alveolar/pulmonary capillary membrane?

Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease generally have more trouble exhaling than inhaling.

Elastic recoil refers to the tendency of the chest wall to expand.

When the diaphragm contracts

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Bronchodilation of the air passages involves the of their smooth muscle contraction and the of their radius.

Complete each of the following statments. The peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the and bodies.