Question 1

When blood flow to an area of the lungs is reduced but the area receives normal airflow, all of the following occur except

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of CO2 in this area will be decreased. 
B)  The change in CO2 concentration will cause the smooth muscles of the local airways to relax. 
C)  The change in CO2 concentration will lead to increased resistance of local airways. 
D)  The change in O2 concentration will lead to dilation of local blood vessels. 
E)  The change in O2 concentration will lead to decreased vascular resistance. 
A)  The concentration of CO2 in this area will be decreased. 
B)  The change in CO2 concentration will cause the smooth muscles of the local airways to relax. 
C)  The change in CO2 concentration will lead to increased resistance of local airways. 
D)  The change in O2 concentration will lead to dilation of local blood vessels. 
E)  The change in O2 concentration will lead to decreased vascular resistance.

Question 2

A highly compliant lung is easier to stretch than a less compliant one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

All respiratory airways are held open by cartilaginous rings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

An increase in airway resistance and an increase in alveolar surface tension both increase the work of breathing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

Accepted Answer

A)  is produced within red blood cells 
B)  production is inhibited by HbO2 
C)  concentration gradually increases whenever Hb in the arterial blood is chronically undersaturated 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these 
A)  is produced within red blood cells 
B)  production is inhibited by HbO2 
C)  concentration gradually increases whenever Hb in the arterial blood is chronically undersaturated 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these

Question 6

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ refers to air in the pleural cavity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ refers...

Question 7

The inspiratory neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  activate the phrenic nerve, bringing about contraction of the diaphragm 
B)  are stimulated by stretch receptors 
C)  are inhibited by the expiratory neurons 
D)  activate the phrenic nerve, bringing about contraction of the diaphragm, and are inhibited by the expiratory neurons 
E)  none of these 
A)  activate the phrenic nerve, bringing about contraction of the diaphragm 
B)  are stimulated by stretch receptors 
C)  are inhibited by the expiratory neurons 
D)  activate the phrenic nerve, bringing about contraction of the diaphragm, and are inhibited by the expiratory neurons 
E)  none of these

Question 8

The partial pressure of oxygen in the

Accepted Answer

A)  atmospheric air averages 79 percent of total atmospheric pressure 
B)  blood is the most important factor that determines the extent to which O2 will combine with hemoglobin 
C)  arterial blood is decreased when hemoglobin preferentially combines with CO rather than O2 
D)  atmospheric air averages 79 percent of total atmospheric pressure, and blood is the most important factor that determines the extent to which O2 will combine with hemoglobin 
E)  all of these 
A)  atmospheric air averages 79 percent of total atmospheric pressure 
B)  blood is the most important factor that determines the extent to which O2 will combine with hemoglobin 
C)  arterial blood is decreased when hemoglobin preferentially combines with CO rather than O2 
D)  atmospheric air averages 79 percent of total atmospheric pressure, and blood is the most important factor that determines the extent to which O2 will combine with hemoglobin 
E)  all of these

Question 9

Intrapleural pressure normally does not equilibrate with the intra-alveolar pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

At the end of a normal expiration, when outward air flow has ceased,

Accepted Answer

A)  Intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. 
B)  Intra-alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 
C)  Intra-alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. 
D)  Intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 
E)  Intrapleural pressure is greater than intra-alveolar pressure. 
A)  Intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. 
B)  Intra-alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 
C)  Intra-alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. 
D)  Intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 
E)  Intrapleural pressure is greater than intra-alveolar pressure.

Question 11

Deep breaths usually result in the greatest alveolar ventilation rates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Complete each of the following statments.
The vocal folds are found in the ____________________, which is found at the top of the ____________________, or windpipe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The vocal...

Question 13

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ shifts into the red blood cells to maintain electric neutrality when HCO3- moves out of the cells down its concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

Question 14

Respiration is accomplished entirely by the respiratory system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The bronchioles are rigid, non-muscular airways, encircled by a series of cartilaginous rings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The "negative" intrapleural pressure, when compared to atmospheric pressure, maintains lung inflation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If 20% of the air is composed of O2, the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude of 20,000 feet where atmospheric pressure is 350 mm Hg is

Accepted Answer

A)  20 mm Hg 
B)  760 mm Hg 
C)  70 mm Hg 
D)  350 mm Hg 
E)  152 mm Hg 
A)  20 mm Hg 
B)  760 mm Hg 
C)  70 mm Hg 
D)  350 mm Hg 
E)  152 mm Hg

Question 18

A transmural pressure gradient exists across the lung wall because the ____ pressure is less than the ____ pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrapleural; intra-alveolar 
B)  intra-alveolar; intrapleural 
C)  intrapleural; atmospheric 
D)  atmospheric; intra-alveolar 
E)  none of these 
A)  intrapleural; intra-alveolar 
B)  intra-alveolar; intrapleural 
C)  intrapleural; atmospheric 
D)  atmospheric; intra-alveolar 
E)  none of these

Question 19

At the end of inspiration and at the end of expiration, intra-alveolar pressure is always equal to atmospheric pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Complete each of the following statments.
The primary respiratory control center that provides output to the respiratory muscles is located in the ____________________ (specific part of brain).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The primary...

Exam 13: A--The Respiratory System

When blood flow to an area of the lungs is reduced but the area receives normal airflow, all of the following occur except

A highly compliant lung is easier to stretch than a less compliant one.

All respiratory airways are held open by cartilaginous rings.

An increase in airway resistance and an increase in alveolar surface tension both increase the work of breathing.

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ refers to air in the pleural cavity.

The inspiratory neurons

The partial pressure of oxygen in the

Intrapleural pressure normally does not equilibrate with the intra-alveolar pressure.

At the end of a normal expiration, when outward air flow has ceased,

Deep breaths usually result in the greatest alveolar ventilation rates.

Complete each of the following statments. The vocal folds are found in the ____________________, which is found at the top of the ____________________, or windpipe.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ shifts into the red blood cells to maintain electric neutrality when HCO3- moves out of the cells down its concentration gradient.

Respiration is accomplished entirely by the respiratory system.

The bronchioles are rigid, non-muscular airways, encircled by a series of cartilaginous rings.

The "negative" intrapleural pressure, when compared to atmospheric pressure, maintains lung inflation.

If 20% of the air is composed of O2, the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude of 20,000 feet where atmospheric pressure is 350 mm Hg is

A transmural pressure gradient exists across the lung wall because the ____ pressure is less than the ____ pressure.

At the end of inspiration and at the end of expiration, intra-alveolar pressure is always equal to atmospheric pressure.

Complete each of the following statments. The primary respiratory control center that provides output to the respiratory muscles is located in the ____________________ (specific part of brain).

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. The vocal folds are found in the , which is found at the top of the , or windpipe.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ shifts into the red blood cells to maintain electric neutrality when HCO₃^- moves out of the cells down its concentration gradient.

If 20% of the air is composed of O₂, the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude of 20,000 feet where atmospheric pressure is 350 mm Hg is

A transmural pressure gradient exists across the lung wall because the pressure is less than the pressure.