Question 1

Intracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Complete each of the following statments.
Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Alkalosis occurs...

Question 3

When large amounts of pure water are consumed

Accepted Answer

A)  The volume of the ICF will decrease. 
B)  The volume of the ECF will decrease. 
C)  The ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
D)  Osmolarities of the ICF and ECF will drop. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  The volume of the ICF will decrease. 
B)  The volume of the ECF will decrease. 
C)  The ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
D)  Osmolarities of the ICF and ECF will drop. 
E)  None of these.

Question 4

Complete each of the following statments.
The quantity of any particular substance in the ECF is considered to be a readily available internal ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The quantity...

Question 5

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH back to normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic, which of the following is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H+?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3- 
B)  OH- 
C)  NH3 
D)  NH4+ 
E)  basic phosphate 
A)  HCO3- 
B)  OH- 
C)  NH3 
D)  NH4+ 
E)  basic phosphate

Question 7

Each intracellular protein exerts more osmotic effect than each intracellular phosphate ion because the proteins are larger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Normal blood pH

Accepted Answer

A)  is slightly basic 
B)  is slightly alkaline 
C)  falls between 7.35 and 7.45 
D)  varies greatly 
E)  is slightly basic, and falls between 7.35 and 7.45 
A)  is slightly basic 
B)  is slightly alkaline 
C)  falls between 7.35 and 7.45 
D)  varies greatly 
E)  is slightly basic, and falls between 7.35 and 7.45

Question 9

When the body becomes dehydrated (H2O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Insensible H2O loss includes water lost as a result of metabolic reactions within the cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors are nearest to

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin-secreting cells 
B)  carotid baroreceptors 
C)  the adrenal cortex 
D)  the adrenal medulla 
E)  vasopressin-secreting cells 
A)  angiotensin-secreting cells 
B)  carotid baroreceptors 
C)  the adrenal cortex 
D)  the adrenal medulla 
E)  vasopressin-secreting cells

Question 12

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free H+ and one that can bind with free H+. 
B)  A chemical buffer system minimizes changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added to or removed from the solution. 
C)  Buffers respond to pH changes in about three minutes, but then can be very effective in preventing dramatic pH changes. 
D)  A buffer system cannot actually eliminate hydrogen ions from the body. 
E)  Buffer systems act according to the law of mass action. 
A)  A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free H+ and one that can bind with free H+. 
B)  A chemical buffer system minimizes changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added to or removed from the solution. 
C)  Buffers respond to pH changes in about three minutes, but then can be very effective in preventing dramatic pH changes. 
D)  A buffer system cannot actually eliminate hydrogen ions from the body. 
E)  Buffer systems act according to the law of mass action.

Question 13

Complete each of the following statments.
The ____________________ are the group of molecules that are the most plentiful buffers in the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The ____________________...

Question 14

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A)  Breathing becomes shallower. 
B)  Breathing becomes slower. 
C)  CO2 levels in the body decrease. 
D)  Breathing becomes shallower and slower. 
E)  Breathing becomes slower and CO2 levels in the body decrease. 
A)  Breathing becomes shallower. 
B)  Breathing becomes slower. 
C)  CO2 levels in the body decrease. 
D)  Breathing becomes shallower and slower. 
E)  Breathing becomes slower and CO2 levels in the body decrease.

Question 15

Complete each of the following statments.
The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

plasma mem

Question 16

A patient with lung congestion would

Accepted Answer

A)  have higher levels of carbonic acid in the blood 
B)  have a greater respiratory rate 
C)  be making use of chemical buffers to a greater extent 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  have higher levels of carbonic acid in the blood 
B)  have a greater respiratory rate 
C)  be making use of chemical buffers to a greater extent 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 17

The kidneys are the first line of defense against changes in acid-base balance because they are the most powerful mechanism for maintaining pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which is a source of water input?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid intake 
B)  ingested food 
C)  chemical reactions within the cells that convert food and O2 into energy 
D)  all of these 
E)  fluid intake and ingested food 
A)  fluid intake 
B)  ingested food 
C)  chemical reactions within the cells that convert food and O2 into energy 
D)  all of these 
E)  fluid intake and ingested food

Question 19

Loss of water from the lungs is one example of sensible loss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A pH of 3 is 100 times as acidic as a pH of 5.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Intracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

Complete each of the following statments. Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

When large amounts of pure water are consumed

Complete each of the following statments. The quantity of any particular substance in the ECF is considered to be a readily available internal ____________________.

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH back to normal.

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic, which of the following is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H+?

Each intracellular protein exerts more osmotic effect than each intracellular phosphate ion because the proteins are larger.

Normal blood pH

When the body becomes dehydrated (H2O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Insensible H2O loss includes water lost as a result of metabolic reactions within the cells.

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors are nearest to

Which statement is incorrect?

Complete each of the following statments. The ____________________ are the group of molecules that are the most plentiful buffers in the body.

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Complete each of the following statments. The barrier between the ECF and ICF is the ____________________.

A patient with lung congestion would

The kidneys are the first line of defense against changes in acid-base balance because they are the most powerful mechanism for maintaining pH.

Which is a source of water input?

Loss of water from the lungs is one example of sensible loss.

A pH of 3 is 100 times as acidic as a pH of 5.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic, which of the following is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H⁺?

When the body becomes dehydrated (H₂O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Insensible H₂O loss includes water lost as a result of metabolic reactions within the cells.