Question 1

The primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium ion 
E)  sodium ion 
A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium ion 
E)  sodium ion

Question 2

Complete each of the following statments.
If the extracellular fluid is ____________________ to a cell, the cell will ____________________ water.

Accepted Answer

hypertonic

Question 3

Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH3

Accepted Answer

A)  when the urinary pH becomes too high 
B)  when the body is in a state of alkalosis 
C)  to buffer the acid phosphate excreted in the urine 
D)  when there is excess NH3 in the body fluid 
E)  to enable further renal secretion of H+ 
A)  when the urinary pH becomes too high 
B)  when the body is in a state of alkalosis 
C)  to buffer the acid phosphate excreted in the urine 
D)  when there is excess NH3 in the body fluid 
E)  to enable further renal secretion of H+

Question 5

If an individual is overhydrated:

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O will move by osmosis into the cells. 
B)  Both the ECF and ICF compartments will be hypotonic after the fluid shift has occurred. 
C)  Symptoms might include confusion, headache, lethargy, weakness, and edema. 
D)  H2O will move by osmosis into the cells and symptoms might include confusion, headache, lethargy, weakness, and edema. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  H2O will move by osmosis into the cells. 
B)  Both the ECF and ICF compartments will be hypotonic after the fluid shift has occurred. 
C)  Symptoms might include confusion, headache, lethargy, weakness, and edema. 
D)  H2O will move by osmosis into the cells and symptoms might include confusion, headache, lethargy, weakness, and edema. 
E)  All of these.

Question 6

Select the incorrect statement about acids.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are acidic. 
B)  HCl is one example. 
C)  They can be strong or weak. 
D)  They dissociate to produce anions. 
E)  They dissociate to produce free hydrogen ions. 
A)  Carbohydrates are acidic. 
B)  HCl is one example. 
C)  They can be strong or weak. 
D)  They dissociate to produce anions. 
E)  They dissociate to produce free hydrogen ions.

Question 7

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ are responsible for the slightly negative charge associated with the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ are...

Question 8

All of the following will occur during water intoxication except

Accepted Answer

A)  ICF hypotonicity 
B)  ECF hypotonicity circulatory 
C)  excess free water retention 
D)  water movement from ICF to ECF 
E)  overhydration 
A)  ICF hypotonicity 
B)  ECF hypotonicity circulatory 
C)  excess free water retention 
D)  water movement from ICF to ECF 
E)  overhydration

Question 9

Alkalosis usually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The ICF contains about ____ of the total water of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  1/10 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3 
E)  5/6 
A)  1/10 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3 
E)  5/6

Question 11

The primary factor responsible for regulating H2O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The primary ECF cation is ____, and the primary ICF cation is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  K+; Na+ 
B)  K+; Ca2+ 
C)  Ca2+; Na+ 
D)  Na+; K+ 
E)  Na+; Ca2+ 
A)  K+; Na+ 
B)  K+; Ca2+ 
C)  Ca2+; Na+ 
D)  Na+; K+ 
E)  Na+; Ca2+

Question 13

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention of carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ acidosis...

Question 14

Complete each of the following statments.
Osmoreceptor input normally is the dominant factor for controlling the secretion of ____________________ from the pituitary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Osmoreceptor input...

Question 15

Which of the following symptoms is associated with acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  extreme nervousness 
B)  disorientation and comatose state 
C)  tingling, "pins and needles" sensations 
D)  muscle twitches and muscle spasms 
E)  convulsions 
A)  extreme nervousness 
B)  disorientation and comatose state 
C)  tingling, "pins and needles" sensations 
D)  muscle twitches and muscle spasms 
E)  convulsions

Question 16

Complete each of the following statments.
Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Urine excretion...

Question 17

When the ECF becomes hypertonic, water

Accepted Answer

A)  movement is unaffected 
B)  moves into the cells by active transport 
C)  moves into the cells by osmosis 
D)  moves out of the cells by active transport 
E)  moves out of the cells by osmosis 
A)  movement is unaffected 
B)  moves into the cells by active transport 
C)  moves into the cells by osmosis 
D)  moves out of the cells by active transport 
E)  moves out of the cells by osmosis

Question 18

A pH of less than 6.8 or greater than 8.0 is not compatible with human life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Complete each of the following statments.
Acidosis leads to the ____________________ secretion of H+ in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

Question 20

Complete each of the following statments.
When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a(n) ____________________ balance exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
When total...

Exam 15: A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is

Complete each of the following statments. If the extracellular fluid is ____________________ to a cell, the cell will ____________________ water.

Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH3

If an individual is overhydrated:

Select the incorrect statement about acids.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ are responsible for the slightly negative charge associated with the plasma membrane.

All of the following will occur during water intoxication except

Alkalosis usually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

The ICF contains about ____ of the total water of the body.

The primary factor responsible for regulating H2O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

The primary ECF cation is ____, and the primary ICF cation is ____.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention of carbon dioxide.

Complete each of the following statments. Osmoreceptor input normally is the dominant factor for controlling the secretion of ____________________ from the pituitary.

Which of the following symptoms is associated with acidosis?

Complete each of the following statments. Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

When the ECF becomes hypertonic, water

A pH of less than 6.8 or greater than 8.0 is not compatible with human life.

Complete each of the following statments. Acidosis leads to the ____________________ secretion of H+ in the kidneys.

Complete each of the following statments. When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a(n) ____________________ balance exists.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. If the extracellular fluid is to a cell, the cell will water.

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH₃

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

The primary ECF cation is , and the primary ICF cation is .

Complete each of the following statments. Acidosis leads to the ____________________ secretion of H⁺ in the kidneys.