Question 1

Complete each of the following statments.
The major intracellular cation is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The major...

Question 2

The primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B)  to maintain adequate urine formation 
C)  to maintain proper blood pressure 
D)  to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking 
E)  to allow changes in ICF volume 
A)  to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B)  to maintain adequate urine formation 
C)  to maintain proper blood pressure 
D)  to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking 
E)  to allow changes in ICF volume

Question 3

H+ generated from CO2 at the tissue level is

Accepted Answer

A)  the major source of hydrogen ion in the body 
B)  normally buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs by hemoglobin 
C)  responsible for the fact that the pH of the venous blood is higher than the pH of the arterial blood 
D)  the major source of hydrogen ion in the body and normally buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs by hemoglobin 
E)  all of these 
A)  the major source of hydrogen ion in the body 
B)  normally buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs by hemoglobin 
C)  responsible for the fact that the pH of the venous blood is higher than the pH of the arterial blood 
D)  the major source of hydrogen ion in the body and normally buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs by hemoglobin 
E)  all of these

Question 4

Which chemical buffer system primarily buffers against carbonic acid changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate 
B)  protein 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  phosphate 
E)  ammonium 
A)  bicarbonate 
B)  protein 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  phosphate 
E)  ammonium

Question 5

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO2 is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Transcellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A)  is the sum of fluid within all of the cells 
B)  consists of a number of small specialized fluid volumes, all of which are secreted by specific cells into a particular body cavity to perform a specialized function 
C)  plays a crucial role in fluid balance 
D)  includes the lymph 
E)  lies in the spaces between the cells 
A)  is the sum of fluid within all of the cells 
B)  consists of a number of small specialized fluid volumes, all of which are secreted by specific cells into a particular body cavity to perform a specialized function 
C)  plays a crucial role in fluid balance 
D)  includes the lymph 
E)  lies in the spaces between the cells

Question 8

Complete each of the following statments.
The barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The barrier...

Question 9

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment"?

Accepted Answer

A)  synovial fluids 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluids 
D)  intracellular fluids 
E)  extracellular fluids 
A)  synovial fluids 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluids 
D)  intracellular fluids 
E)  extracellular fluids

Question 10

Complete each of the following statments.
A pH of ____________________ is considered chemically neutral. The normal pH of plasma is ____________________. The pH range compatible with life is ____________________ to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
A pH...

Question 11

Select the primary buffer system in the ECF.

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate/carbonic acid 
B)  chloride/hydrochloric acid 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  phosphate 
E)  protein 
A)  bicarbonate/carbonic acid 
B)  chloride/hydrochloric acid 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  phosphate 
E)  protein

Question 12

Complete each of the following statments.
The amount of Na+ excreted depends on the amount of Na+ ____________________ minus the amount of Na+ ____________________.

Accepted Answer

filtered,

Question 13

Complete each of the following statments.
The pH of venous blood is usually about ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The pH...

Question 14

The kidneys secrete additional H+ and conserve HCO3- to compensate for increased H+ concentration in the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Ingesting more salt would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the plasma's osmolarity 
B)  make the plasma hypotonic to blood cells 
C)  cause a decrease in vasopressin secretion 
D)  increase the plasma's osmolarity and make the plasma hypotonic to blood cells 
E)  make the plasma hypotonic to blood cells and cause a decrease in vasopressin secretion 
A)  increase the plasma's osmolarity 
B)  make the plasma hypotonic to blood cells 
C)  cause a decrease in vasopressin secretion 
D)  increase the plasma's osmolarity and make the plasma hypotonic to blood cells 
E)  make the plasma hypotonic to blood cells and cause a decrease in vasopressin secretion

Question 16

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased GFR 
B)  release of aldosterone 
C)  increased sodium reabsorption 
D)  decreased chloride excretion 
E)  all of these 
A)  decreased GFR 
B)  release of aldosterone 
C)  increased sodium reabsorption 
D)  decreased chloride excretion 
E)  all of these

Question 18

Diabetes insipidus develops in the body from a deficiency of insulin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The percentage of body water varies from person to person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The pH of a solution with a H+ concentration of 0.0000567 is

Accepted Answer

A)  between 4 and 5 
B)  between 5 and 6 
C)  between 6 and 7 
D)  between 7 and 8 
E)  none of these 
A)  between 4 and 5 
B)  between 5 and 6 
C)  between 6 and 7 
D)  between 7 and 8 
E)  none of these

Exam 15: A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Complete each of the following statments. The major intracellular cation is ____________________.

The primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is

H+ generated from CO2 at the tissue level is

Which chemical buffer system primarily buffers against carbonic acid changes?

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO2 is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.

Transcellular fluid

Complete each of the following statments. The barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment"?

Complete each of the following statments. A pH of ____________________ is considered chemically neutral. The normal pH of plasma is ____________________. The pH range compatible with life is ____________________ to ____________________.

Select the primary buffer system in the ECF.

Complete each of the following statments. The amount of Na+ excreted depends on the amount of Na+ ____________________ minus the amount of Na+ ____________________.

Complete each of the following statments. The pH of venous blood is usually about ____________________.

The kidneys secrete additional H+ and conserve HCO3- to compensate for increased H+ concentration in the body fluids.

Ingesting more salt would

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger

Diabetes insipidus develops in the body from a deficiency of insulin.

The percentage of body water varies from person to person.

The pH of a solution with a H+ concentration of 0.0000567 is

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

H⁺ generated from CO₂ at the tissue level is

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.

Complete each of the following statments. A pH of is considered chemically neutral. The normal pH of plasma is . The pH range compatible with life is to .

Complete each of the following statments. The amount of Na⁺ excreted depends on the amount of Na⁺ minus the amount of Na⁺ .

The kidneys secrete additional H⁺ and conserve HCO₃^- to compensate for increased H⁺ concentration in the body fluids.

The pH of a solution with a H⁺ concentration of 0.0000567 is