Question 1

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  control of intake through thirst 
B)  control of sweating 
C)  control of output through regulation of urine production by the kidney 
D)  oral metering 
E)  control of insensible water loss 
A)  control of intake through thirst 
B)  control of sweating 
C)  control of output through regulation of urine production by the kidney 
D)  oral metering 
E)  control of insensible water loss

Question 2

Extracellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A)  includes plasma 
B)  includes interstitial fluid 
C)  constitutes a smaller percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid 
D)  includes lymph 
E)  all of these 
A)  includes plasma 
B)  includes interstitial fluid 
C)  constitutes a smaller percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid 
D)  includes lymph 
E)  all of these

Question 3

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphoric and sulfuric acids formed during the metabolism of dietary proteins 
B)  lactic acid production by the muscles during exercise 
C)  carbonic acid generated from metabolically produced CO2 
D)  natural acids found in foods, such as citric acid 
E)  fatty acids produced during fat metabolism 
A)  phosphoric and sulfuric acids formed during the metabolism of dietary proteins 
B)  lactic acid production by the muscles during exercise 
C)  carbonic acid generated from metabolically produced CO2 
D)  natural acids found in foods, such as citric acid 
E)  fatty acids produced during fat metabolism

Question 4

Which statement about hypotonicity of the body fluids is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diabetes insipidus can cause it. 
B)  It occurs when excess free H2O is present. 
C)  Drowsiness, headache, confusion, lethargy, weakness, and edema are symptoms associated with it. 
D)  Drinking excess fluid is a cause of it. 
E)  The cells become swollen because of it. 
A)  Diabetes insipidus can cause it. 
B)  It occurs when excess free H2O is present. 
C)  Drowsiness, headache, confusion, lethargy, weakness, and edema are symptoms associated with it. 
D)  Drinking excess fluid is a cause of it. 
E)  The cells become swollen because of it.

Question 5

Which of the following is not influenced by a change in the pH of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate excretion 
B)  enzyme activity 
C)  potassium excretion 
D)  protein shape and activity 
E)  nerve and muscle excitability 
A)  phosphate excretion 
B)  enzyme activity 
C)  potassium excretion 
D)  protein shape and activity 
E)  nerve and muscle excitability

Question 6

Complete each of the following statments.
A chemical buffer system is a(n) ____________________ of chemical compounds involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free ____________________ and one that can bind free ____________________, which together minimize changes in ____________________ when either an acid or a base is added to or removed from the solution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
A chemical...

Question 7

Salt balance in humans

Accepted Answer

A)  depends primarily upon control of Na+ intake through salt hunger 
B)  depends primarily upon control of Na+ output by the kidneys 
C)  is poorly regulated 
D)  depends upon Na+ secretion by the kidneys 
E)  is not affected by aldosterone secretion 
A)  depends primarily upon control of Na+ intake through salt hunger 
B)  depends primarily upon control of Na+ output by the kidneys 
C)  is poorly regulated 
D)  depends upon Na+ secretion by the kidneys 
E)  is not affected by aldosterone secretion

Question 8

Complete each of the following statments.
The amount of Na+ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

Accepted Answer

renin-angi

Question 9

Complete each of the following statments.
A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of two compounds that resist changes in the pH.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
A chemical...

Question 10

HS1U1P1+S1S1P0 generated at the tissue level from COS1U1B12S1U1B0 is buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  phosphate buffer system 
C)  HS1U1B12S1U1B0COS1U1B13S1U1B0.HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1- S1S1P0buffer system 
D)  plasma proteins 
E)  respiratory regulation 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  phosphate buffer system 
C)  HS1U1B12S1U1B0COS1U1B13S1U1B0.HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1- S1S1P0buffer system 
D)  plasma proteins 
E)  respiratory regulation

Question 11

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The major source of H+ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained:

Accepted Answer

A)  Both ECF and ICF become more dilute. 
B)  Osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  The osmolarity of the ECF drops. 
D)  There is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  Water levels remain the same. 
A)  Both ECF and ICF become more dilute. 
B)  Osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  The osmolarity of the ECF drops. 
D)  There is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  Water levels remain the same.

Question 15

If the ECF's osmolarity increases

Accepted Answer

A)  Water will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B)  Water will not shift between the ECF and the ICF. 
C)  Water will move from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  Vasopressin secretion will decrease. 
E)  Potassium and sodium will compensate. 
A)  Water will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B)  Water will not shift between the ECF and the ICF. 
C)  Water will move from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  Vasopressin secretion will decrease. 
E)  Potassium and sodium will compensate.

Question 16

Normally the major source of H+ in the body is from the formation of sulfuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulfate and phosphate groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

H+ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H+ and anions.

Accepted Answer

Exam 15: A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

Extracellular fluid

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

Which statement about hypotonicity of the body fluids is incorrect?

Which of the following is not influenced by a change in the pH of body fluids?

Salt balance in humans

Complete each of the following statments. The amount of Na+ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

Complete each of the following statments. A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of two compounds that resist changes in the pH.

H+ generated at the tissue level from CO2 is buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs primarily by

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

The major source of H+ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO2.

When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained:

If the ECF's osmolarity increases

Normally the major source of H+ in the body is from the formation of sulfuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulfate and phosphate groups.

H+ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H+ and anions.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. The amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

H⁺ generated at the tissue level from CO₂ is buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs primarily by

The major source of H⁺ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO₂.

Normally the major source of H⁺ in the body is from the formation of sulfuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulfate and phosphate groups.

H⁺ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.