Question 1

Vasopressin secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine 
B)  is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic 
C)  is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low 
D)  induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine and is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic 
E)  is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic and is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low 
A)  induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine 
B)  is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic 
C)  is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low 
D)  induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine and is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic 
E)  is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic and is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low

Question 2

The tubular cells display a Tm for urea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

ADH release is the main stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The process of preventing micturition in spite of initiation of the reflex involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the cerebral cortex 
B)  voluntary stimulation of the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter 
C)  voluntary stimulation of the internal urethral sphincter via its parasympathetic nerve supply 
D)  the cerebral cortex and voluntary stimulation of the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter 
E)  all of these 
A)  the cerebral cortex 
B)  voluntary stimulation of the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter 
C)  voluntary stimulation of the internal urethral sphincter via its parasympathetic nerve supply 
D)  the cerebral cortex and voluntary stimulation of the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter 
E)  all of these

Question 6

The tubular fluid is ____ as it enters Bowman's capsule, ____ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ____ at the tip of the loop, and ____ as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

Accepted Answer

A)  isotonic; hypertonic; hypertonic; isotonic 
B)  isotonic; isotonic; hypotonic; hypotonic 
C)  isotonic; isotonic; hypertonic; hypotonic 
D)  hypertonic; hypotonic; hypertonic; isotonic 
E)  none of these 
A)  isotonic; hypertonic; hypertonic; isotonic 
B)  isotonic; isotonic; hypotonic; hypotonic 
C)  isotonic; isotonic; hypertonic; hypotonic 
D)  hypertonic; hypotonic; hypertonic; isotonic 
E)  none of these

Question 7

Glomerular filtration

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in the loop of Henle 
B)  is the process by which plasma water, electrolytes, and small molecules, which enter Bowman's capsule, are separated from blood cells and protein, which remain in the glomerular capillaries 
C)  is the process by which a substance is transported from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillaries 
D)  occurs in the loop of Henle, and is the process by which plasma water, electrolytes, and small molecules, which enter Bowman's capsule, are separated from blood cells and protein, which remain in the glomerular capillaries and 
E)  none of these 
A)  occurs in the loop of Henle 
B)  is the process by which plasma water, electrolytes, and small molecules, which enter Bowman's capsule, are separated from blood cells and protein, which remain in the glomerular capillaries 
C)  is the process by which a substance is transported from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillaries 
D)  occurs in the loop of Henle, and is the process by which plasma water, electrolytes, and small molecules, which enter Bowman's capsule, are separated from blood cells and protein, which remain in the glomerular capillaries and 
E)  none of these

Question 8

Select the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma proteins 
B)  urea 
C)  glucose 
D)  PO4 
E)  amino acids 
A)  plasma proteins 
B)  urea 
C)  glucose 
D)  PO4 
E)  amino acids

Question 9

One can deliberately prevent urination in spite of the micturition reflex by voluntarily inhibiting the parasympathetic supply to the bladder to halt bladder contraction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Because of countercurrent multiplication, the loop of Henle is able to establish a vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla, ranging from 300 to 1,200 mosm/liter, despite the fact that the active salt pump of the ascending limb is only able to produce a 200 mOsm/liter osmotic gradient at each horizontal level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Complete each of the following statments.
The energy-dependent step in Na+ reabsorption involves the ____________________, located at the ____________________ membrane of the tubular cell.

Accepted Answer

Na+-K+ pum

Question 12

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes renin in response to sodium depletion or plasma volume reduction 
B)  is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
C)  is where reabsorption of sodium occurs 
D)  secretes renin in response to sodium depletion or plasma volume reduction, and is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
E)  all of these 
A)  secretes renin in response to sodium depletion or plasma volume reduction 
B)  is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
C)  is where reabsorption of sodium occurs 
D)  secretes renin in response to sodium depletion or plasma volume reduction, and is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
E)  all of these

Question 13

Water reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule 
B)  is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules 
C)  occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules 
D)  all of these 
E)  occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule and is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules 
A)  occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule 
B)  is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules 
C)  occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules 
D)  all of these 
E)  occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule and is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules

Question 14

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  excreting metabolic wastes 
B)  maintaining proper plasma volume 
C)  secreting aldosterone to regulate sodium 
D)  maintaining proper osmolarity of body fluids 
E)  assisting in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body 
A)  excreting metabolic wastes 
B)  maintaining proper plasma volume 
C)  secreting aldosterone to regulate sodium 
D)  maintaining proper osmolarity of body fluids 
E)  assisting in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body

Question 15

Plasma proteins are normally filtered in the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Reabsorption of chloride is

Accepted Answer

A)  active 
B)  passive 
C)  dependent on the amount of sodium reabsorbed 
D)  active and dependent on the amount of sodium reabsorbed 
E)  passive and dependent on the amount of sodium reabsorbed 
A)  active 
B)  passive 
C)  dependent on the amount of sodium reabsorbed 
D)  active and dependent on the amount of sodium reabsorbed 
E)  passive and dependent on the amount of sodium reabsorbed

Question 17

Autoregulation is important in preventing unintentional shifts in the GFR that could lead to dangerous imbalances of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The specialized nephron capillary bed where filtration occurs is the

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriole 
B)  efferent arteriole 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  peritubular bed 
E)  none of these 
A)  afferent arteriole 
B)  efferent arteriole 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  peritubular bed 
E)  none of these

Question 19

The functional unit of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  nephron 
C)  medulla 
D)  pyramid 
E)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  nephron 
C)  medulla 
D)  pyramid 
E)  juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 20

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted by the heart when atrial pressure is high 
B)  results in an increased glomerular filtration rate 
C)  inhibits aldosterone activity 
D)  promotes renal excretion of water 
E)  all of these 
A)  is secreted by the heart when atrial pressure is high 
B)  results in an increased glomerular filtration rate 
C)  inhibits aldosterone activity 
D)  promotes renal excretion of water 
E)  all of these

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

Vasopressin secretion

The tubular cells display a Tm for urea.

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

ADH release is the main stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone.

The process of preventing micturition in spite of initiation of the reflex involves

The tubular fluid is ____ as it enters Bowman's capsule, ____ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ____ at the tip of the loop, and ____ as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

Glomerular filtration

Select the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism.

One can deliberately prevent urination in spite of the micturition reflex by voluntarily inhibiting the parasympathetic supply to the bladder to halt bladder contraction.

Complete each of the following statments. The energy-dependent step in Na+ reabsorption involves the ____________________, located at the ____________________ membrane of the tubular cell.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Water reabsorption

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Plasma proteins are normally filtered in the nephron.

Reabsorption of chloride is

Autoregulation is important in preventing unintentional shifts in the GFR that could lead to dangerous imbalances of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes.

The specialized nephron capillary bed where filtration occurs is the

The functional unit of the kidney is the

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

The tubular cells display a T_m for urea.

The tubular fluid is as it enters Bowman's capsule, at the beginning of the loop of Henle, at the tip of the loop, and as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

Complete each of the following statments. The energy-dependent step in Na⁺ reabsorption involves the , located at the membrane of the tubular cell.