Question 1

In the tubular segments permeable to H2O, solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H2O reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na+.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The proximal tubule

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorbs about 65 percent of the filtered water 
B)  is not the site of action of renin 
C)  is the location where glucose is reabsorbed 
D)  reabsorbs about 65 percent of the filtered water and is the location where glucose is reabsorbed 
E)  all of these 
A)  reabsorbs about 65 percent of the filtered water 
B)  is not the site of action of renin 
C)  is the location where glucose is reabsorbed 
D)  reabsorbs about 65 percent of the filtered water and is the location where glucose is reabsorbed 
E)  all of these

Question 4

A pure loss or gain of H2O that is not accompanied by comparable solute deficit or excess in the body leads to changes in ECF osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; ____________________ renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ renal...

Question 6

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO4 is equal to the normal plasma PO4 concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Stimulation of the macula densa cells

Accepted Answer

A)  results in vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B)  results in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
C)  increases GFR 
D)  results in vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and results in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
E)  results in vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and increases GFR 
A)  results in vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B)  results in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
C)  increases GFR 
D)  results in vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and results in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
E)  results in vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and increases GFR

Question 8

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Vasa recta are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arterioles 
B)  efferent arterioles 
C)  cortical nephrons 
D)  juxtamedullary nephron 
E)  renal papillae 
A)  afferent arterioles 
B)  efferent arterioles 
C)  cortical nephrons 
D)  juxtamedullary nephron 
E)  renal papillae

Question 10

Filtrate passes through all of these except

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capillary pores 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocytes 
D)  filtration slits 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  glomerular capillary pores 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocytes 
D)  filtration slits 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 11

Complete each of the following statments.
On average, of the 125 ml/min of plasma filtered, ____________________ ml/min is reabsorbed and ____________________ ml/min is excreted as urine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
On average,...

Question 12

Complete each of the following statments.
The specialized cells of the ____________________, located within the ____________________, detect changes in the rate at which fluid is flowing past them through the distal tubule. In response, they secrete vasoactive chemicals that influence the GFR by making adjustments in the caliber of the ____________________ arterioles. This is known as the ____________________ feedback mechanism.

Accepted Answer

macula densa, juxtag

Question 13

When the bladder of an infant is filled with urine, the

Accepted Answer

A)  stretch receptors in the bladder wall are inhibited 
B)  parasympathetic nerve supplying the bladder is inhibited, allowing the bladder to relax 
C)  motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is stimulated, causing the sphincter to open 
D)  motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is inhibited, allowing the sphincter to open 
E)  parasympathetic nerve supplying the internal urethral sphincter is stimulated, causing the sphincter to close 
A)  stretch receptors in the bladder wall are inhibited 
B)  parasympathetic nerve supplying the bladder is inhibited, allowing the bladder to relax 
C)  motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is stimulated, causing the sphincter to open 
D)  motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is inhibited, allowing the sphincter to open 
E)  parasympathetic nerve supplying the internal urethral sphincter is stimulated, causing the sphincter to close

Question 14

Glucose is not normally found in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not get filtered out of glomerulus. 
B)  It is not found in the blood. 
C)  It is usually reabsorbed by renal tubule cells. 
D)  It is kept in the blood. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  It does not get filtered out of glomerulus. 
B)  It is not found in the blood. 
C)  It is usually reabsorbed by renal tubule cells. 
D)  It is kept in the blood. 
E)  None of these.

Question 15

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body, primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________% of the filtered H2O is variably reabsorbed under the control of the hormone ____________________ in the distal and collecting tubules.

Accepted Answer

Question 18

When a substance is reabsorbed, it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water reabsorption is under control of vasopressin throughout the length of the nephron. 
B)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is always impermeable to water. 
C)  Vasopressin makes the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  Fifteen percent of the filtered water osmotically follows the absorption of Na+ and other solutes in the proximal tubule. 
E)  Water reabsorption is passive in the early portions of the nephron but is active in the distal portions of the nephron. 
A)  Water reabsorption is under control of vasopressin throughout the length of the nephron. 
B)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is always impermeable to water. 
C)  Vasopressin makes the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  Fifteen percent of the filtered water osmotically follows the absorption of Na+ and other solutes in the proximal tubule. 
E)  Water reabsorption is passive in the early portions of the nephron but is active in the distal portions of the nephron.

Question 20

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

In the tubular segments permeable to H2O, solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H2O reabsorption.

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na+.

The proximal tubule

A pure loss or gain of H2O that is not accompanied by comparable solute deficit or excess in the body leads to changes in ECF osmolarity.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; ____________________ renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO4 is equal to the normal plasma PO4 concentration.

Stimulation of the macula densa cells

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Vasa recta are associated with

Filtrate passes through all of these except

Complete each of the following statments. On average, of the 125 ml/min of plasma filtered, ____________________ ml/min is reabsorbed and ____________________ ml/min is excreted as urine.

When the bladder of an infant is filled with urine, the

Glucose is not normally found in the urine because

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body, primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________% of the filtered H2O is variably reabsorbed under the control of the hormone ____________________ in the distal and collecting tubules.

When a substance is reabsorbed, it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

Which statement is correct?

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O, solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O reabsorption.

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

A pure loss or gain of H₂O that is not accompanied by comparable solute deficit or excess in the body leads to changes in ECF osmolarity.

Complete each of the following statments. renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

Complete each of the following statments. On average, of the 125 ml/min of plasma filtered, ml/min is reabsorbed and ml/min is excreted as urine.

Complete each of the following statments. % of the filtered H₂O is variably reabsorbed under the control of the hormone in the distal and collecting tubules.