Question 1

The renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  secretion 
C)  reabsorption 
D)  excretion 
E)  none of these 
A)  filtration 
B)  secretion 
C)  reabsorption 
D)  excretion 
E)  none of these

Question 2

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
B)  secretes aldosterone 
C)  secretes renin 
D)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron and secretes aldosterone 
E)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron and secretes renin 
A)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
B)  secretes aldosterone 
C)  secretes renin 
D)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron and secretes aldosterone 
E)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron and secretes renin

Question 3

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The peritubular capillaries

Accepted Answer

A)  supply nutrients and O2 to the tubular cells 
B)  take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules 
C)  supply substances that are secreted by the tubules 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  supply nutrients and O2 to the tubular cells 
B)  take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules 
C)  supply substances that are secreted by the tubules 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 5

Micturition

Accepted Answer

A)  is the process of emptying the bladder 
B)  is a parasympathetic reflex 
C)  is initiated when stretch receptors in the bladder wall are excited 
D)  requires a relaxed external urethral sphincter 
E)  all of these 
A)  is the process of emptying the bladder 
B)  is a parasympathetic reflex 
C)  is initiated when stretch receptors in the bladder wall are excited 
D)  requires a relaxed external urethral sphincter 
E)  all of these

Question 6

Complete each of the following statments.
The plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first starts appearing in the urine is known as the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

Question 7

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B)  is secreted by the JG apparatus 
C)  stimulates K+ secretion in the distal tubule 
D)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules and is secreted by the JG apparatus 
E)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules and stimulates K+ secretion in the distal tubule 
A)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B)  is secreted by the JG apparatus 
C)  stimulates K+ secretion in the distal tubule 
D)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules and is secreted by the JG apparatus 
E)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules and stimulates K+ secretion in the distal tubule

Question 8

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H2O permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Complete each of the following statments.
The two regions of the kidney are an outer ____________________ and an inner ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The two...

Question 10

Changes in the glomerular filtration rates are accomplished through

Accepted Answer

A)  autoregulation 
B)  myogenic activity 
C)  vasoactive responses in the afferent arteriole 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  autoregulation 
B)  myogenic activity 
C)  vasoactive responses in the afferent arteriole 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 11

For filtration to occur, blood osmotic pressure + capsular hydrostatic pressure must be less than blood hydrostatic pressure + capsular osmotic pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The osmoreceptors contributing to water balance are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  renal cortex 
E)  renal medulla 
A)  adrenal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  renal cortex 
E)  renal medulla

Question 13

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Complete each of the following statments.
The functional unit of the kidneys is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The functional...

Question 15

Complete each of the following statments.
If the Tm for substance X is 200 mg/min, how much of the substance will be reabsorbed at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 ml and a GFR of 125 ml/min? ____________________ How much of substance X will be excreted? ____________________

Accepted Answer

200 mg/min

Question 16

Aldosterone secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in the kidney 
B)  is stimulated by angiotensin II 
C)  is controlled by the concentration of Cl- 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  occurs in the kidney 
B)  is stimulated by angiotensin II 
C)  is controlled by the concentration of Cl- 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 17

Complete each of the following statments.
The micturition reflex is initiated by stimulating ____________________ receptors in the bladder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The micturition...

Question 18

Complete each of the following statments.
Body fluids are ____________________ at 300 mOsm/liter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Body fluids...

Question 19

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A)  actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid 
B)  is impermeable to water 
C)  is found in the renal cortex 
D)  drains into the proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid and is impermeable to water 
A)  actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid 
B)  is impermeable to water 
C)  is found in the renal cortex 
D)  drains into the proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid and is impermeable to water

Question 20

Tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid 
B)  occurs by either active or passive transport 
C)  involves the process of transepithelial transport 
D)  occurs by either active or passive transport and involves the process of transepithelial transport 
E)  none of these 
A)  refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid 
B)  occurs by either active or passive transport 
C)  involves the process of transepithelial transport 
D)  occurs by either active or passive transport and involves the process of transepithelial transport 
E)  none of these

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

The renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule is

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

The peritubular capillaries

Micturition

Complete each of the following statments. The plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first starts appearing in the urine is known as the ____________________.

Aldosterone

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H2O permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Complete each of the following statments. The two regions of the kidney are an outer ____________________ and an inner ____________________.

Changes in the glomerular filtration rates are accomplished through

For filtration to occur, blood osmotic pressure + capsular hydrostatic pressure must be less than blood hydrostatic pressure + capsular osmotic pressure.

The osmoreceptors contributing to water balance are located in the

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibers.

Complete each of the following statments. The functional unit of the kidneys is the ____________________.

Complete each of the following statments. If the Tm for substance X is 200 mg/min, how much of the substance will be reabsorbed at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 ml and a GFR of 125 ml/min? ____________________ How much of substance X will be excreted? ____________________

Aldosterone secretion

Complete each of the following statments. The micturition reflex is initiated by stimulating ____________________ receptors in the bladder.

Complete each of the following statments. Body fluids are ____________________ at 300 mOsm/liter.

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Tubular reabsorption

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Complete each of the following statments. The plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its T_m is reached and the substance first starts appearing in the urine is known as the ____________________.

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H₂O permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Complete each of the following statments. The two regions of the kidney are an outer and an inner .

Complete each of the following statments. If the T_m for substance X is 200 mg/min, how much of the substance will be reabsorbed at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 ml and a GFR of 125 ml/min? How much of substance X will be excreted?