Question 1

Which statement about tubular reabsorption is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  It refers to the movement of a substance from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood. 
B)  It is important for the conservation of substances important to the body, such as Na+, Cl-, glucose, and amino acids. 
C)  It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
D)  It involves the process of transepithelial transport. 
E)  It takes place only in the proximal tubule. 
A)  It refers to the movement of a substance from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood. 
B)  It is important for the conservation of substances important to the body, such as Na+, Cl-, glucose, and amino acids. 
C)  It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
D)  It involves the process of transepithelial transport. 
E)  It takes place only in the proximal tubule.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about juxtamedullary nephrons is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their glomeruli lie in the renal medulla. 
B)  They are important in the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. 
C)  Their loops of Henle dip deep into the medulla. 
D)  Their peritubular capillaries form vasa recta. 
E)  They are not the predominant type of nephron found in human kidneys. 
A)  Their glomeruli lie in the renal medulla. 
B)  They are important in the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. 
C)  Their loops of Henle dip deep into the medulla. 
D)  Their peritubular capillaries form vasa recta. 
E)  They are not the predominant type of nephron found in human kidneys.

Question 3

Which of the following forces oppose glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood colloid osmotic pressure 
B)  Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure 
C)  glomerular-capillary blood pressure 
D)  blood colloid osmotic pressure and Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure 
E)  Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure and glomerular-capillary blood pressure 
A)  blood colloid osmotic pressure 
B)  Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure 
C)  glomerular-capillary blood pressure 
D)  blood colloid osmotic pressure and Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure 
E)  Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure and glomerular-capillary blood pressure

Question 4

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  no ionic substance is affected 
B)  hydrogen ions decreases 
C)  hydrogen ions increases 
D)  sodium ions decreases 
E)  sodium ions increases 
A)  no ionic substance is affected 
B)  hydrogen ions decreases 
C)  hydrogen ions increases 
D)  sodium ions decreases 
E)  sodium ions increases

Question 5

Vasopressin increases H2O reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The Na+ cotransport system in the proximal tubule facilitates elimination of foreign organic compounds from the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The vast majority of the filtered fluid is reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Into which structure does most reabsorption occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  loop of Henle 
E)  none of these 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  loop of Henle 
E)  none of these

Question 9

The vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney

Accepted Answer

A)  is established and maintained by the countercurrent system 
B)  makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration depending on the needs of the body by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron 
C)  is found in the renal cortex 
D)  is established and maintained by the countercurrent system, and makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration depending on the needs of the body by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron 
E)  is established and maintained by the countercurrent system and is found in the renal cortex 
A)  is established and maintained by the countercurrent system 
B)  makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration depending on the needs of the body by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron 
C)  is found in the renal cortex 
D)  is established and maintained by the countercurrent system, and makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration depending on the needs of the body by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron 
E)  is established and maintained by the countercurrent system and is found in the renal cortex

Question 10

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The glomerular capillary blood pressure in the nephron is 78 mm Hg. The Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure is 24 mm Hg. The colloidal osmotic pressure is 18 mm Hg. The net filtration pressure is ____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  18 
B)  26 
C)  36 
D)  42 
E)  78 
A)  18 
B)  26 
C)  36 
D)  42 
E)  78

Question 12

A plasma clearance of 135 ml/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 ml/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The kidneys keep the urine volume and composition essentially constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion is stimulated by a water deficit 
B)  increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water 
C)  increases the permeability of the late portion of the collecting tubule to urea 
D)  secretion is stimulated by a water deficit and increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water 
E)  all of these 
A)  secretion is stimulated by a water deficit 
B)  increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water 
C)  increases the permeability of the late portion of the collecting tubule to urea 
D)  secretion is stimulated by a water deficit and increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water 
E)  all of these

Question 15

The blood that flows through the kidneys is

Accepted Answer

A)  normally about 20 to 25 percent of the total cardiac output 
B)  all filtered through the glomeruli 
C)  all used to supply the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients 
D)  all of these 
E)  normally about 20 to 25 percent of the total cardiac output, and all filtered through the glomeruli 
A)  normally about 20 to 25 percent of the total cardiac output 
B)  all filtered through the glomeruli 
C)  all used to supply the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients 
D)  all of these 
E)  normally about 20 to 25 percent of the total cardiac output, and all filtered through the glomeruli

Question 16

Which nephron structure is especially important in the kidney's ability to produce urine of varying concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman' capsule 
B)  proximal tubule 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  loop of Henle 
E)  glomerulus 
A)  Bowman' capsule 
B)  proximal tubule 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  loop of Henle 
E)  glomerulus

Question 17

The ____ and ____ enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+-K+ ATPase pump; co-transport carriers 
B)  juxtaglomerular apparatus; vasa recta 
C)  podocytes; peritubular capillaries 
D)  medullary vertical osmotic gradient; vasopressin 
E)  renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; renal pyramids 
A)  Na+-K+ ATPase pump; co-transport carriers 
B)  juxtaglomerular apparatus; vasa recta 
C)  podocytes; peritubular capillaries 
D)  medullary vertical osmotic gradient; vasopressin 
E)  renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; renal pyramids

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

Which statement about tubular reabsorption is incorrect?

Which of the following statements about juxtamedullary nephrons is incorrect?

Which of the following forces oppose glomerular filtration?

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of

Vasopressin increases H2O reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

The Na+ cotransport system in the proximal tubule facilitates elimination of foreign organic compounds from the body.

The vast majority of the filtered fluid is reabsorbed.

Into which structure does most reabsorption occur?

The vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

The glomerular capillary blood pressure in the nephron is 78 mm Hg. The Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure is 24 mm Hg. The colloidal osmotic pressure is 18 mm Hg. The net filtration pressure is ____ mm Hg.

A plasma clearance of 135 ml/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 ml/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.

The kidneys keep the urine volume and composition essentially constant.

Vasopressin

The blood that flows through the kidneys is

Which nephron structure is especially important in the kidney's ability to produce urine of varying concentration?

The ____ and ____ enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Vasopressin increases H₂O reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

The Na⁺ cotransport system in the proximal tubule facilitates elimination of foreign organic compounds from the body.

The and enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs.