Question 1

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Excretion

Accepted Answer

A)  is the removal of substances that were filtered at the glomerulus or secreted but not reabsorbed 
B)  is the process by which a substance moves from the peritubular capillary blood to the tubular fluid 
C)  conserves substances that are important to the body 
D)  occurs by active transport of substances into the urinary bladder 
E)  is controlled by sympathetic activity 
A)  is the removal of substances that were filtered at the glomerulus or secreted but not reabsorbed 
B)  is the process by which a substance moves from the peritubular capillary blood to the tubular fluid 
C)  conserves substances that are important to the body 
D)  occurs by active transport of substances into the urinary bladder 
E)  is controlled by sympathetic activity

Question 3

Complete each of the following statments.
If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 ml and the GFR is 125 ml/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
If the...

Question 4

NaCl is actively transported from the descending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary osmotic gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A)  can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body 
B)  activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells 
C)  renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water 
D)  increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron 
E)  stimulates the active salt pump of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient 
A)  can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body 
B)  activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells 
C)  renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water 
D)  increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron 
E)  stimulates the active salt pump of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient

Question 6

Complete each of the following statments.
The plasma clearance of the harmless foreign compound called ____________________ is equal to the GFR.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The plasma...

Question 7

By tubular secretion, substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The clearance rate for a substance that is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed is greater than the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Tubular secretion is important

Accepted Answer

A)  in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration 
B)  for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body 
C)  in the renal regulation of sodium balance 
D)  in the secretion of renin 
E)  all of these 
A)  in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration 
B)  for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body 
C)  in the renal regulation of sodium balance 
D)  in the secretion of renin 
E)  all of these

Question 10

The glomerular filtrate

Accepted Answer

A)  is a protein-free plasma 
B)  is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane 
C)  does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead 
D)  is a protein-free plasma and is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane 
E)  is a protein-free plasma and does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead 
A)  is a protein-free plasma 
B)  is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane 
C)  does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead 
D)  is a protein-free plasma and is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane 
E)  is a protein-free plasma and does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead

Question 11

Which of the following does not contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
B)  countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons 
C)  urea recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
B)  countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons 
C)  urea recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 12

The Na+-K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  luminal membrane of tubular cells 
B)  basolateral membrane of tubular cells 
C)  podocytes 
D)  glomerular capillary membrane 
E)  basement membrane 
A)  luminal membrane of tubular cells 
B)  basolateral membrane of tubular cells 
C)  podocytes 
D)  glomerular capillary membrane 
E)  basement membrane

Question 13

In active reabsorption, all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ are water channels in the tubular cells of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ are...

Question 15

Glomerular filtration occurs primarily by active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The average rate of urine formation is 1 ml/min.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Identify the correct statement(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration. 
B)  The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a Tm. 
C)  All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered. 
D)  The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a Tm, and all of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration. 
B)  The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a Tm. 
C)  All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered. 
D)  The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a Tm, and all of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered. 
E)  All of these.

Question 18

The amount of glucose reabsorbed is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which factor would reduce the net filtration pressure the most?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B)  vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole 
C)  a large increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  a low capsular hydrostatic pressure 
E)  a high glomerular hydrostatic pressure 
A)  vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B)  vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole 
C)  a large increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  a low capsular hydrostatic pressure 
E)  a high glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume. 
B)  They act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition. 
C)  They excrete the metabolic waste products. 
D)  They assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body. 
E)  They secrete a hormone. 
A)  They contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume. 
B)  They act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition. 
C)  They excrete the metabolic waste products. 
D)  They assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body. 
E)  They secrete a hormone.

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Excretion

Complete each of the following statments. If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 ml and the GFR is 125 ml/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

NaCl is actively transported from the descending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary osmotic gradient.

Vasopressin

Complete each of the following statments. The plasma clearance of the harmless foreign compound called ____________________ is equal to the GFR.

By tubular secretion, substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

The clearance rate for a substance that is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed is greater than the GFR.

Tubular secretion is important

The glomerular filtrate

Which of the following does not contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?

The Na+-K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located in the

In active reabsorption, all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ are water channels in the tubular cells of the nephron.

Glomerular filtration occurs primarily by active transport.

The average rate of urine formation is 1 ml/min.

Identify the correct statement(s).

The amount of glucose reabsorbed is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Which factor would reduce the net filtration pressure the most?

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

The Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located in the