Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

Complete each of the following statments. Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

The micturition reflex controls bladder emptying in adults.

The secretion of vasopressin increases if the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic.

Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

The glomerular filtrate is almost identical in composition to the plasma.

Complete each of the following statments. The ____________________ transforms many foreign organic compounds into ionic form, which facilitates their elimination from the body because such conversion enables them to be secreted by the organic anion transport system.

Which substance is normally secreted into the tubule?

Urea

During acidosis, H⁺ secretion increases.

Which of the following is not part of the nephron?

Which of the following is not attributable to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

In the kidney, blood is filtered in the cortex, drains through the renal pelvis into the renal medulla, and from there travels in the ureter to the urinary bladder.

Complete each of the following statments. Two means by which substances can enter the renal tubules are ____________________ and ____________________. Two means by which substances can leave the kidney tubules are ____________________ and ____________________.

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures. 1. descending limb of loop of Henle 2. bowman's capsule 3. collecting tubule 4. ascending limb of loop of Henle 5. distal tubule 6. proximal tubule Indicate the correct flow of filtrate through these structures.

When urine is eliminated from the body, the sphincter muscles in the urethra relax.

Which of the following has a positive effect on aldosterone secretion?

Contraction of mesangial cells closes off a portion of the filtering capillaries, which leads to a decrease in GFR if the filtration pressure remains unchanged.

The energy requirement for glucose reabsorption is used to

Which of the following does not occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?