Question 1

The segment of the nephron that is not permeable to H2O even in the presence of vasopressin is the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal tubule 
B)  ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C)  descending limb of the loop of Henle 
D)  distal tubule 
E)  collecting tubule 
A)  proximal tubule 
B)  ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C)  descending limb of the loop of Henle 
D)  distal tubule 
E)  collecting tubule

Question 2

Tubular reabsorption involves

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport 
B)  cotransport 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  countertransport 
E)  all of these 
A)  active transport 
B)  cotransport 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  countertransport 
E)  all of these

Question 3

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are responsible for establishing a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla by countercurrent multiplication. 
B)  The active NaCl pump of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle can establish a 1,200 mOsm/liter concentration difference between the ascending and descending limbs at any given horizontal level. 
C)  By means of countercurrent exchange, the vasa recta preserve the vertical osmotic gradient while supplying blood to the medullary tissue. 
D)  The collecting tubules of all nephrons utilize the driving force of the vertical osmotic gradient to accomplish variable H2O reabsorption under the control of vasopressin, which governs their permeability. 
E)  The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop of Henle, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
A)  The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are responsible for establishing a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla by countercurrent multiplication. 
B)  The active NaCl pump of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle can establish a 1,200 mOsm/liter concentration difference between the ascending and descending limbs at any given horizontal level. 
C)  By means of countercurrent exchange, the vasa recta preserve the vertical osmotic gradient while supplying blood to the medullary tissue. 
D)  The collecting tubules of all nephrons utilize the driving force of the vertical osmotic gradient to accomplish variable H2O reabsorption under the control of vasopressin, which governs their permeability. 
E)  The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop of Henle, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle.

Question 5

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A)  along the entire length of the nephron 
B)  only in the loop of Henle 
C)  only in the distal and collecting tubules 
D)  only in the proximal tubule 
E)  only in the glomerulus 
A)  along the entire length of the nephron 
B)  only in the loop of Henle 
C)  only in the distal and collecting tubules 
D)  only in the proximal tubule 
E)  only in the glomerulus

Question 7

The liver converts many foreign organic compounds into an anionic form that can be secreted by the organic anion secretory system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Plasma clearance is the

Accepted Answer

A)  time required to filter blood in the glomerulus 
B)  amount of a substance appearing in the urine in one minute of time 
C)  amount of a substance that is filtered in one minute of time 
D)  amount of a substance secreted in one minute of time 
E)  volume of plasma that is completely cleared of a substance by the kidneys in one minute of time 
A)  time required to filter blood in the glomerulus 
B)  amount of a substance appearing in the urine in one minute of time 
C)  amount of a substance that is filtered in one minute of time 
D)  amount of a substance secreted in one minute of time 
E)  volume of plasma that is completely cleared of a substance by the kidneys in one minute of time

Question 9

Which of the following is not associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomeruli located in medulla 
B)  long loops of Henle 
C)  peritubular capillaries forming vasa recta 
D)  collecting duct in medulla 
E)  important role in the ability of the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentration 
A)  glomeruli located in medulla 
B)  long loops of Henle 
C)  peritubular capillaries forming vasa recta 
D)  collecting duct in medulla 
E)  important role in the ability of the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentration

Question 10

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GRF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is...

Question 11

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which of the following compensatory changes in renal function occur as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B)  afferent arteriolar vasodilation 
C)  reduction in GFR 
D)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and reduction in GFR 
E)  all of these 
A)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B)  afferent arteriolar vasodilation 
C)  reduction in GFR 
D)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and reduction in GFR 
E)  all of these

Question 12

The distal and collecting tubules are the site of

Accepted Answer

A)  the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption 
B)  the organic ion secretory systems 
C)  aldosterone and vasopressin action 
D)  the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption, and aldosterone and vasopressin action 
E)  the organic ion secretory systems and aldosterone and vasopressin action 
A)  the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption 
B)  the organic ion secretory systems 
C)  aldosterone and vasopressin action 
D)  the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption, and aldosterone and vasopressin action 
E)  the organic ion secretory systems and aldosterone and vasopressin action

Question 13

Urea is passively reabsorbed down the osmotic gradient created by active Na+ reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Complete each of the following statments.
By reabsorption, substances leave the tubules of the nephrons and return to the blood in the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

peritubula

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B)  The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid. 
D)  All of these. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B)  The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid. 
D)  All of these. 
E)  None of these.

Question 17

Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The myogenic mechanism

Accepted Answer

A)  causes the afferent arteriole to constrict when blood pressure is too high 
B)  may result from stretching of vascular smooth muscle 
C)  is an autoregulatory mechanism 
D)  reduces GFR 
E)  all of these 
A)  causes the afferent arteriole to constrict when blood pressure is too high 
B)  may result from stretching of vascular smooth muscle 
C)  is an autoregulatory mechanism 
D)  reduces GFR 
E)  all of these

Question 20

The macula densa

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
B)  consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
C)  secretes renin 
D)  consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and secretes renin 
E)  consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and secretes renin 
A)  consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
B)  consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
C)  secretes renin 
D)  consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and secretes renin 
E)  consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and secretes renin

Exam 14: A--The Urinary System

The segment of the nephron that is not permeable to H2O even in the presence of vasopressin is the

Tubular reabsorption involves

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Which statement is incorrect?

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin

The liver converts many foreign organic compounds into an anionic form that can be secreted by the organic anion secretory system.

Plasma clearance is the

Which of the following is not associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GRF.

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which of the following compensatory changes in renal function occur as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

The distal and collecting tubules are the site of

Urea is passively reabsorbed down the osmotic gradient created by active Na+ reabsorption.

The afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

Complete each of the following statments. By reabsorption, substances leave the tubules of the nephrons and return to the blood in the ____________________.

Which of the following statements about the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid.

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

The myogenic mechanism

The macula densa

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

The segment of the nephron that is not permeable to H₂O even in the presence of vasopressin is the

Urea is passively reabsorbed down the osmotic gradient created by active Na⁺ reabsorption.