Question 1

What stimulates production of erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased red cell number in the bone marrow 
B)  Increased peripheral red cell number 
C)  Decreased iron stores 
D)  Decreased oxygen level in tissue 
A)  Decreased red cell number in the bone marrow 
B)  Increased peripheral red cell number 
C)  Decreased iron stores 
D)  Decreased oxygen level in tissue D

Question 2

Which of the following has a pyknotic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pronormoblast 
B)  Basophilic normoblast 
C)  Polychromatophilic normoblast 
D)  Orthochromic normoblast 
A)  Pronormoblast 
B)  Basophilic normoblast 
C)  Polychromatophilic normoblast 
D)  Orthochromic normoblast D

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes a normal mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 7- to 8-$\mu$m biconcave disc that lives 120 days 
B)  A 7- to 8-$\mu$m spheroid that lives 120 days 
C)  A 12- to 15-$\mu$m spheroid that lives 80 days 
D)  A 12- to 15-$\mu$m biconcave disc that lives 80 days 
A)  A 7- to 8-$\mu$m biconcave disc that lives 120 days 
B)  A 7- to 8-$\mu$m spheroid that lives 120 days 
C)  A 12- to 15-$\mu$m spheroid that lives 80 days 
D)  A 12- to 15-$\mu$m biconcave disc that lives 80 days A

Question 4

Erythropoietin increases the number of red cells by all of the following mechanisms except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonging cell life span 
B)  Shortening cell division times 
C)  Allowing earlier cell egress from the bone marrow 
D)  Increasing the rate of hemoglobin synthesis 
A)  Prolonging cell life span 
B)  Shortening cell division times 
C)  Allowing earlier cell egress from the bone marrow 
D)  Increasing the rate of hemoglobin synthesis

Question 5

Abnormal concentrations of cations inside erythrocytes cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  Spherocytosis 
B)  Senescence 
C)  Prolongation of survival 
D)  Sickling 
A)  Spherocytosis 
B)  Senescence 
C)  Prolongation of survival 
D)  Sickling

Question 6

The breakdown products of heme go through several biochemical degradations to form:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bilirubin 
B)  Protoporphyrin 
C)  Amino acids 
D)  Haptoglobin 
A)  Bilirubin 
B)  Protoporphyrin 
C)  Amino acids 
D)  Haptoglobin

Question 7

What is the main site for iron storage in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stem cells 
B)  Transferrin molecules 
C)  Endothelial cells 
D)  Macrophages 
A)  Stem cells 
B)  Transferrin molecules 
C)  Endothelial cells 
D)  Macrophages

Question 8

Programmed cell death is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Necrosis 
B)  Apoptosis 
C)  Hemolysis 
D)  Phagocytosis 
A)  Necrosis 
B)  Apoptosis 
C)  Hemolysis 
D)  Phagocytosis

Question 9

What mechanism is responsible for the destruction of the majority of normal senescent erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intravascular hemolysis 
B)  Rupture by complement 
C)  Phagocytosis by peripheral neutrophils 
D)  Phagocytosis by splenic macrophages 
A)  Intravascular hemolysis 
B)  Rupture by complement 
C)  Phagocytosis by peripheral neutrophils 
D)  Phagocytosis by splenic macrophages

Question 10

Where is erythropoietin synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Lymph nodes 
D)  Spleen 
A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Lymph nodes 
D)  Spleen

Question 11

Why do men typically have higher erythrocyte counts than women?

Accepted Answer

A)  They weigh more and have more blood vessels. 
B)  They do not lose as much blood each month. 
C)  Testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis. 
D)  They have more oxygen in their blood. 
A)  They weigh more and have more blood vessels. 
B)  They do not lose as much blood each month. 
C)  Testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis. 
D)  They have more oxygen in their blood.

Question 12

Depletion of serum haptoglobin indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased erythropoiesis 
B)  Extravascular hemolysis 
C)  Intravascular hemolysis 
D)  Increased phagocytosis of macrophages 
A)  Decreased erythropoiesis 
B)  Extravascular hemolysis 
C)  Intravascular hemolysis 
D)  Increased phagocytosis of macrophages

Question 13

When compared with mature erythrocytes, reticulocytes:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are larger and bluer on Wright stain from remnant ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  
B)  Are larger and have more vacuoles on Wright stain from remnant deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  
C)  Stain pinker with new methylene blue 
D)  Still have a nucleus 
A)  Are larger and bluer on Wright stain from remnant ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  
B)  Are larger and have more vacuoles on Wright stain from remnant deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  
C)  Stain pinker with new methylene blue 
D)  Still have a nucleus

Question 14

Which of the following is true of red cell precursors as they mature?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio increases. 
B)  The cells become larger. 
C)  The cytoplasm becomes less basophilic. 
D)  The nucleoli become more prominent. 
A)  The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio increases. 
B)  The cells become larger. 
C)  The cytoplasm becomes less basophilic. 
D)  The nucleoli become more prominent.

Exam 8: Erythrocyte Production and Destruction

What stimulates production of erythropoietin?

Which of the following has a pyknotic nucleus?

Which of the following correctly describes a normal mature erythrocyte?

Erythropoietin increases the number of red cells by all of the following mechanisms except:

Abnormal concentrations of cations inside erythrocytes cause:

The breakdown products of heme go through several biochemical degradations to form:

What is the main site for iron storage in the bone marrow?

Programmed cell death is called:

What mechanism is responsible for the destruction of the majority of normal senescent erythrocytes?

Where is erythropoietin synthesized?

Why do men typically have higher erythrocyte counts than women?

Depletion of serum haptoglobin indicates:

When compared with mature erythrocytes, reticulocytes:

Which of the following is true of red cell precursors as they mature?

An Overview of Clinical Laboratory Hematology

Safety in the Hematology Laboratory

Specimen Collection

Care and Use of the Microscope

Quality Assurance in Hematology and Hemostasis Testing

Cellular Structure and Function

Hematopoiesis

Energy Metabolism and Membrane Physiology of the Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin Metabolism

Iron Metabolism

Leukocyte Development, Kinetics, and Functions

Platelet Production, Structure, and Function

Routine and Point-Of-Care Testing in Hematology: Manual and Semiautomated Methods

Examination of the Peripheral Blood Film and Correlation With the Complete Blood Count

Bone Marrow Examination

Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Anemias: Red Blood Cell Morphology and Approach to Diagnosis

Disorders of Iron and Heme Metabolism

Anemias Caused by Defects of Dna Metabolism

Bone Marrow Failure

Introduction to Increased Destruction of Erythrocytes

Intrinsic Defects Leading to Increased Erythrocyte Destruction

Extrinsic Defects Leading to Increased Erythrocytedestructionnonimmune Causes

Extrinsic Defects Leading to Increased Erythrocytedestructionimmune Causes

Hemoglobinopathies Structural Defects in Hemoglobin

Thalassemias

Nonmalignant Leukocyte Disorders

Introduction to Leukocyte Neoplasms

Cytochemistry

Cytogenetics

Molecular Diagnostics in the Clinical Laboratory

Flow Cytometric Analysis in Hematologic Disorders

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Leukemias

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Pediatric and Geriatric Hematology

Automated Cell-Counting Instrumentation

Normal Hemostasis and Coagulation

Hemorrhagic Coagulation Disorders

Thrombosis Risk Testing

Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis

Qualitative Disorders of Platelets and Vasculature

Laboratory Evaluation of Hemostasis

Monitoring Antithrombotic Therapies

Coagulation Instrumentation

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