Question 1

Thallium-206 decays by F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 decay to produce ________

Accepted Answer

A) gold-202. 
B) lead-206. 
C) polonium-209. 
D) mercury-206. 
E) platinum-208. 
A) gold-202. 
B) lead-206. 
C) polonium-209. 
D) mercury-206. 
E) platinum-208.

Question 2

All elements with Z F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 83 are ________

Accepted Answer

A) synthetic. 
B) produced by nuclear fission. 
C) radioactive. 
D) not found in nature. 
E) unreactive. 
A) synthetic. 
B) produced by nuclear fission. 
C) radioactive. 
D) not found in nature. 
E) unreactive.

Question 3

What fraction of a sample's radioactive atoms remain after four half-lives?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 4

Radioactive iodine-125 and palladium-103 decay by X-ray emission and are used in brachytherapy to treat cancer. Consider two patients, one being treated with I-125 and the other with Pd-103. Both receive a total dose of 145 Gy delivered over 10 months. What can be concluded from the data in the table about these treatments? Note: 1 keV = 1.602 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F1016 J.   I. The level of radiation is more uniform over the 10 months using I-125.
II) Initially the level of radiation is higher using Pd-103.
III) The density of sites damaged by radiation is higher initially using Pd-103.

Accepted Answer

A) All are correct. 
B) None are correct. 
C) I and III only 
D) I and II only 
E) II and III only 
A) All are correct. 
B) None are correct. 
C) I and III only 
D) I and II only 
E) II and III only

Question 5

An important technique used to monitor cell and organ function, such as brain activity,is________

Accepted Answer

A) ultrasound (US). 
B) electrocardiograph (EKG). 
C) positron emission tomography (PET). 
D) X-ray. 
E) mass spectrometry. 
A) ultrasound (US). 
B) electrocardiograph (EKG). 
C) positron emission tomography (PET). 
D) X-ray. 
E) mass spectrometry.

Question 6

As the charges of identical small nuclei increase, the energy required to initiate nuclear fusion of them ________

Accepted Answer

A) decreases. 
B) increases. 
C) stays the same. 
D) is proportional to their mass. 
E) is inversely proportional to their mass. 
A) decreases. 
B) increases. 
C) stays the same. 
D) is proportional to their mass. 
E) is inversely proportional to their mass.

Question 7

Strontium-88 is the most abundant stable isotope. Strontium-90 is a particularly hazardous radioactive isotope because, as an alkali earth metal, it will substitute for calcium in bones and teeth. Predict its decay pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 emission) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 emission) 
C) positron emission 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 emission) 
E) X-ray emission 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 emission) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 emission) 
C) positron emission 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 emission) 
E) X-ray emission

Question 8

Beta emission is associated with ________

Accepted Answer

A) conversion of a neutron to a proton. 
B) conversion of a proton to a neutron. 
C) increase in mass number. 
D) decrease in mass number. 
E) emission of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 rays. 
A) conversion of a neutron to a proton. 
B) conversion of a proton to a neutron. 
C) increase in mass number. 
D) decrease in mass number. 
E) emission of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 rays.

Question 9

Write a nuclear reaction equation for the decay of thorium-232 by alpha emission followed by beta emission.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write a nuclear reaction equation for the...

Question 10

Nitrogen-13 decays by positron emission to produce ________

Accepted Answer

A) carbon-13. 
B) oxygen-17. 
C) boron-11. 
D) carbon-14. 
E) boron-13. 
A) carbon-13. 
B) oxygen-17. 
C) boron-11. 
D) carbon-14. 
E) boron-13.

Question 11

Which graph below describes the decay of two radioactive nuclides, P and Q, when the half-life of Q is longer than the half-life of P? In these graphs ln[N(0)/N(t)] is plotted on the y-axis, with time (t) on the x-axis. N(0) = number of radioactive nuclides present at time = 0, and N(t) = number present at time = t.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 12

Strontium-90 is most likely to decay by ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of Strontium-90 is most likely to decay by...

Question 13

The argon-40 method of radioisotope dating was developed in the Geology Department at Stony Brook University to determine the age of rocks brought back from the moon. This method assumes that no argon-40 gas was trapped when the molten rock solidified, and that no argon-40 can escape from the solid rock. One sample that was analyzed had a ratio of potassium-40 to argon-40 of 0.100 (NK/NAr = 0.100). Potassium-40 decays into argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.28 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 109 years. How many years ago was this moon rock formed?

Accepted Answer

4.4 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10⁹ yrs If

Question 14

Cardiac pacemakers once used plutonium-238 as a power source. Plutonium-238 decays by the emission of gamma rays and alpha particles. This emission is not particularly harmful because ________

Accepted Answer

A) gamma rays are not absorbed very strongly by biological tissue, and alpha particles do not penetrate beyond the container. 
B) gamma rays and alpha particles are the least dangerous form of radiation. 
C) gamma rays and alpha particles do not penetrate beyond the container. 
D) gamma rays are absorbed by the container, and alpha particles do not affect biological tissue. 
E) tissue damage caused by gamma rays and alpha particles is rapidly repaired by enzymes. 
A) gamma rays are not absorbed very strongly by biological tissue, and alpha particles do not penetrate beyond the container. 
B) gamma rays and alpha particles are the least dangerous form of radiation. 
C) gamma rays and alpha particles do not penetrate beyond the container. 
D) gamma rays are absorbed by the container, and alpha particles do not affect biological tissue. 
E) tissue damage caused by gamma rays and alpha particles is rapidly repaired by enzymes.

Question 15

Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a common way to synthesize new nuclides. Ernest Rutherford produced oxygen-17 from nitrogen-14 this way in 1919. Write a balanced reaction equation for this synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a...

Question 16

Calculate the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for the copper-63 isotope. Here are some helpful data:

Accepted Answer

A) 1.40235 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1012 J/nucleon 
B) 3.16577 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F109 J/nucleon 
C) 4.23566 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1012 J/nucleon 
D) 8.83480 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1011 J/nucleon 
E) 9.24913 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1015 J/nucleon 
A) 1.40235 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1012 J/nucleon 
B) 3.16577 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F109 J/nucleon 
C) 4.23566 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1012 J/nucleon 
D) 8.83480 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1011 J/nucleon 
E) 9.24913 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1015 J/nucleon

Question 17

A person's body generates about 0.2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ci of radioactivity! Determine the total radioactivity emitted by 300 students in a lecture hall. (1 Ci = 3.7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1010 Bq and 1 Bq = 1 decay/s)

Accepted Answer

A) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 106 decays/s 
B) 9 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1016 decays/s 
C) 70 decays/s 
D) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 107 decays/s 
E) 7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 103 decays/s 
A) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 106 decays/s 
B) 9 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1016 decays/s 
C) 70 decays/s 
D) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 107 decays/s 
E) 7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 103 decays/s

Question 18

What other particle is formed in the fusion of two protons to form deuterium?

Accepted Answer

A) proton 
B) neutron 
C) electron 
D) positron 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ray) 
A) proton 
B) neutron 
C) electron 
D) positron 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ray)

Question 19

Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope used as a tracer atom in drugs in the human body. How much fluorine-18 was originally used in a drug sample if there is only 0.124 mg left in a sample after 2.5 h? (The half-life of fluorine-18 is 110 minutes.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope used as...

Question 20

Which one of the following statements A-D is not correct? A breeder reactor ________

Accepted Answer

A) uses uranium-235 as a fuel. 
B) converts unfissionable uranium-238 into fissionable plutonium-239. 
C) produces more fuel than it consumes in producing energy. 
D) is considered to be too hazardous for use in the United States. 
E) A-D are all correct. 
A) uses uranium-235 as a fuel. 
B) converts unfissionable uranium-238 into fissionable plutonium-239. 
C) produces more fuel than it consumes in producing energy. 
D) is considered to be too hazardous for use in the United States. 
E) A-D are all correct.

Thallium-206 decays by  decay to produce ________

All elements with Z  83 are ________

What fraction of a sample's radioactive atoms remain after four half-lives?

An important technique used to monitor cell and organ function, such as brain activity,is________

As the charges of identical small nuclei increase, the energy required to initiate nuclear fusion of them ________

Strontium-88 is the most abundant stable isotope. Strontium-90 is a particularly hazardous radioactive isotope because, as an alkali earth metal, it will substitute for calcium in bones and teeth. Predict its decay pathway.

Beta emission is associated with ________

Write a nuclear reaction equation for the decay of thorium-232 by alpha emission followed by beta emission.

Nitrogen-13 decays by positron emission to produce ________

Strontium-90 is most likely to decay by ________

Cardiac pacemakers once used plutonium-238 as a power source. Plutonium-238 decays by the emission of gamma rays and alpha particles. This emission is not particularly harmful because ________

Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a common way to synthesize new nuclides. Ernest Rutherford produced oxygen-17 from nitrogen-14 this way in 1919. Write a balanced reaction equation for this synthesis.

Calculate the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for the copper-63 isotope. Here are some helpful data:

A person's body generates about 0.2 Ci of radioactivity! Determine the total radioactivity emitted by 300 students in a lecture hall. (1 Ci = 3.7  10¹⁰ Bq and 1 Bq = 1 decay/s)

What other particle is formed in the fusion of two protons to form deuterium?

Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope used as a tracer atom in drugs in the human body. How much fluorine-18 was originally used in a drug sample if there is only 0.124 mg left in a sample after 2.5 h? (The half-life of fluorine-18 is 110 minutes.)

Which one of the following statements A-D is not correct? A breeder reactor ________

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

Exam 19: Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Thallium-206 decays by  decay to produce ________

All elements with Z  83 are ________

What fraction of a sample's radioactive atoms remain after four half-lives?

An important technique used to monitor cell and organ function, such as brain activity,is________

As the charges of identical small nuclei increase, the energy required to initiate nuclear fusion of them ________

Strontium-88 is the most abundant stable isotope. Strontium-90 is a particularly hazardous radioactive isotope because, as an alkali earth metal, it will substitute for calcium in bones and teeth. Predict its decay pathway.

Beta emission is associated with ________

Write a nuclear reaction equation for the decay of thorium-232 by alpha emission followed by beta emission.

Nitrogen-13 decays by positron emission to produce ________

Strontium-90 is most likely to decay by ________

Cardiac pacemakers once used plutonium-238 as a power source. Plutonium-238 decays by the emission of gamma rays and alpha particles. This emission is not particularly harmful because ________

Bombarding atoms with alpha particles is a common way to synthesize new nuclides. Ernest Rutherford produced oxygen-17 from nitrogen-14 this way in 1919. Write a balanced reaction equation for this synthesis.

Calculate the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for the copper-63 isotope. Here are some helpful data:

A person's body generates about 0.2 Ci of radioactivity! Determine the total radioactivity emitted by 300 students in a lecture hall. (1 Ci = 3.7  1010 Bq and 1 Bq = 1 decay/s)

What other particle is formed in the fusion of two protons to form deuterium?

Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope used as a tracer atom in drugs in the human body. How much fluorine-18 was originally used in a drug sample if there is only 0.124 mg left in a sample after 2.5 h? (The half-life of fluorine-18 is 110 minutes.)

Which one of the following statements A-D is not correct? A breeder reactor ________

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

A person's body generates about 0.2 Ci of radioactivity! Determine the total radioactivity emitted by 300 students in a lecture hall. (1 Ci = 3.7  10¹⁰ Bq and 1 Bq = 1 decay/s)