Question 1

Which one of the following statements A-D is not correct? A breeder reactor ________

Accepted Answer

A) converts uranium-238 into plutonium-239. 
B) uses plutonium-239 as fuel. 
C) produces more fuel than it uses. 
D) produces plutonium-239 by beta emission from uranium-239. 
E) A-D are all correct. 
A) converts uranium-238 into plutonium-239. 
B) uses plutonium-239 as fuel. 
C) produces more fuel than it uses. 
D) produces plutonium-239 by beta emission from uranium-239. 
E) A-D are all correct.

Question 2

Thorium-232 decays to lead-208 through a series of nuclear reactions. Only F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles are emitted. How many F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles are emitted?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 4 
C) 3 
D) 2 
E) 1 
A) 6 
B) 4 
C) 3 
D) 2 
E) 1

Question 3

Tritium (3H) is used in glowing "EXIT" signs located where there is no electricity for lightbulbs. If the half-life of tritium is 12.26 years, what percentage of the original quantity of the isotope is left after 18.5 years?

Accepted Answer

Question 4

Briefly explain why radon is such a serious health risk to humans.

Accepted Answer

Radioactive radon gas is produced from d

Question 5

What radiometric technique is used to produce images of the brain?

Accepted Answer

positron e

Question 6

The most naturally abundant nuclides are those that ________

Accepted Answer

A) have an odd number of protons and an odd number of neutrons. 
B) have an even number of protons and an even number of neutrons. 
C) have noble gas configurations of electrons. 
D) can be produced by fission reactions. 
E) can be produced by fusion reactions. 
A) have an odd number of protons and an odd number of neutrons. 
B) have an even number of protons and an even number of neutrons. 
C) have noble gas configurations of electrons. 
D) can be produced by fission reactions. 
E) can be produced by fusion reactions.

Question 7

The mass of an atomic nucleus is ________ the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons (protons and neutrons).

Accepted Answer

A) always greater than 
B) always less than 
C) always the same as 
D) sometimes greater than and sometimes smaller than 
E) never smaller than 
A) always greater than 
B) always less than 
C) always the same as 
D) sometimes greater than and sometimes smaller than 
E) never smaller than

Question 8

The half-life for a radioactive sample ________

Accepted Answer

A) is independent of the rate constant for decay. 
B) is directly related to the amount of radioactive sample. 
C) is a larger value for a sample that decays quickly. 
D) does not depend on the initial amount of sample present. 
E) is the same for any isotope of a given radioactive element. 
A) is independent of the rate constant for decay. 
B) is directly related to the amount of radioactive sample. 
C) is a larger value for a sample that decays quickly. 
D) does not depend on the initial amount of sample present. 
E) is the same for any isotope of a given radioactive element.

Question 9

Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8.1 days and is used as a tracer for the thyroid gland. If a patient drinks a sodium iodide (NaI) solution containing iodine-131 on a Tuesday, how many days will it take for the concentration of iodine-131 to drop to 5.0% of its initial concentration?

Accepted Answer

A) 19 days 
B) 0.81 day 
C) 8.1 days 
D) 35 days 
E) 4.3 days 
A) 19 days 
B) 0.81 day 
C) 8.1 days 
D) 35 days 
E) 4.3 days

Question 10

Common activity levels of radon-222 are in the range of 1 picocurie/liter (pCi/L) at room temperature and pressure. How many atoms of radon decay each minute in a 1 L sample of gas with radiation at this level? Recall that 1 Bq = 1 decay/s and 1 Ci = 3.7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1010 Bq.

Accepted Answer

A) 6 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F104 
B) 6 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 108 
C) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1012 
D) 2 
E) 4 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F102 
A) 6 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F104 
B) 6 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 108 
C) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1012 
D) 2 
E) 4 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F102

Question 11

A 10.00 g sample of wood from an archaeological site produced 3,072 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles in a 10-hour measurement owing to the presence of carbon-14, while a 10.00 g sample of new wood produced 9,216 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles in the same period of time. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. How old is the wood from the archaeological site?

Accepted Answer

A) 5,730 years 
B) 2,865 years 
C) 4,040 years 
D) 9,080 years 
E) The correct answer differs by more than 100 years from the values given in A-D. 
A) 5,730 years 
B) 2,865 years 
C) 4,040 years 
D) 9,080 years 
E) The correct answer differs by more than 100 years from the values given in A-D.

Question 12

It is claimed that iron-56 is the most stable nuclide of all. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for iron-56.

Accepted Answer

8.25138 F1

Question 13

In assessing the severity of a radiological hazard, it is expedient to compare the level of exposure to the background radiation from the environment. A whole-body X-ray computed tomography scan (CT scan) produces an exposure of about 10 mSv (milliSieverts) compared to an annual background radiation exposure of approximately ________

Accepted Answer

A) 0.003 mSv. 
B) 0.03 mSv. 
C) 0.3 mSv. 
D) 3 mSv. 
E) 30 mSv. 
A) 0.003 mSv. 
B) 0.03 mSv. 
C) 0.3 mSv. 
D) 3 mSv. 
E) 30 mSv.

Question 14

Positron emission is associated with ________

Accepted Answer

A) conversion of a neutron to a proton. 
B) conversion of a proton to a neutron. 
C) increase in mass number. 
D) decrease in mass number. 
E) emission of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 rays. 
A) conversion of a neutron to a proton. 
B) conversion of a proton to a neutron. 
C) increase in mass number. 
D) decrease in mass number. 
E) emission of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 rays.

Question 15

Radiation seed therapy is a common method for treating some prostate cancers and brain tumors. Palladium-103, with a half-life of 17 days, is one isotope used for this treatment. How long does it take for the activity of palladium-103 to decrease to 1.0% of its initial value and essentially cease to be effective?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.7 mo 
B) 13 mo 
C) 2.1 mo 
D) 7.4 mo 
E) 4.2 mo 
A) 3.7 mo 
B) 13 mo 
C) 2.1 mo 
D) 7.4 mo 
E) 4.2 mo

Question 16

The heaviest elements will generally have a neutron/proton ratio about equal to ________

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5. 
B) 0.8. 
C) 1.0. 
D) 1.3. 
E) 1.5. 
A) 0.5. 
B) 0.8. 
C) 1.0. 
D) 1.3. 
E) 1.5.

Question 17

The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of decay events per second. The SI unit of activity is the becquerel (1 Bq = 1/s). An older unit for activity is the curie (1 Ci = 3.70 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1010/s). What is the activity in Bq of a sample with an activity of 47 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Ci of radiation?

Accepted Answer

A) 7.9 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 2 Bq 
B) 7.9 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 8 Bq 
C) 1.7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1012 Bq 
D) 1.7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 6 Bq 
E) 1.3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1016 Bq 
A) 7.9 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 2 Bq 
B) 7.9 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 8 Bq 
C) 1.7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1012 Bq 
D) 1.7 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 6 Bq 
E) 1.3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1016 Bq

Question 18

Tissue damage caused by radiation is measured in units of sieverts (Sv) or rems. On average, a person living in the United States is exposed to 3.6 mSv of radiation each year. Space shuttle astronauts are exposed to about 25 rems of cosmic radiation during a mission. Roughly how does this quantity compare with the annual dose the astronaut would have received on the ground in the United States? (1 Sv = 100 rems)

Accepted Answer

A) about the same 
B) about 10 times more 
C) a bit less than 100 times more 
D) a bit larger than 100 times more 
E) about 1,000 times more 
A) about the same 
B) about 10 times more 
C) a bit less than 100 times more 
D) a bit larger than 100 times more 
E) about 1,000 times more

Question 19

Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope of Co that is used for radiation therapy. It is produced originally from iron-58 (   ) according to the step   . Which particle did the iron-58 absorb to become iron-59?

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particle) 
B) neutron 
C) proton 
D) electron 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ray) 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particle) 
B) neutron 
C) proton 
D) electron 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ray)

Question 20

A rock from the moon was found to contain 1.0 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F105 g of uranium-238 and 4.0 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F106 g lead-206. All of the lead-206 came from the decay of uranium-238. The half-life for this decay is 4.5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 9 years. How old is this rock?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 6 years 
B) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 107 years 
C) 4 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 8 years 
D) 3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 9 years 
E) 5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1010 years 
A) 1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 6 years 
B) 2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 107 years 
C) 4 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 8 years 
D) 3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10 9 years 
E) 5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1010 years

Which one of the following statements A-D is not correct? A breeder reactor ________

Thorium-232 decays to lead-208 through a series of nuclear reactions. Only  particles and  particles are emitted. How many  particles are emitted?

Tritium (³H) is used in glowing "EXIT" signs located where there is no electricity for lightbulbs. If the half-life of tritium is 12.26 years, what percentage of the original quantity of the isotope is left after 18.5 years?

Briefly explain why radon is such a serious health risk to humans.

What radiometric technique is used to produce images of the brain?

The most naturally abundant nuclides are those that ________

The mass of an atomic nucleus is ________ the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons (protons and neutrons).

The half-life for a radioactive sample ________

Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8.1 days and is used as a tracer for the thyroid gland. If a patient drinks a sodium iodide (NaI) solution containing iodine-131 on a Tuesday, how many days will it take for the concentration of iodine-131 to drop to 5.0% of its initial concentration?

Common activity levels of radon-222 are in the range of 1 picocurie/liter (pCi/L) at room temperature and pressure. How many atoms of radon decay each minute in a 1 L sample of gas with radiation at this level? Recall that 1 Bq = 1 decay/s and 1 Ci = 3.7  10¹⁰Bq.

It is claimed that iron-56 is the most stable nuclide of all. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for iron-56.

Positron emission is associated with ________

The heaviest elements will generally have a neutron/proton ratio about equal to ________

The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of decay events per second. The SI unit of activity is the becquerel (1 Bq = 1/s). An older unit for activity is the curie (1 Ci = 3.70  10¹⁰/s). What is the activity in Bq of a sample with an activity of 47  Ci of radiation?

Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope of Co that is used for radiation therapy. It is produced originally from iron-58 ( ) according to the step . Which particle did the iron-58 absorb to become iron-59?

A rock from the moon was found to contain 1.0  10^⁵ g of uranium-238 and 4.0  10^⁶ g lead-206. All of the lead-206 came from the decay of uranium-238. The half-life for this decay is 4.5  10 ⁹ years. How old is this rock?

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

Exam 19: Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Which one of the following statements A-D is not correct? A breeder reactor ________

Thorium-232 decays to lead-208 through a series of nuclear reactions. Only  particles and  particles are emitted. How many  particles are emitted?

Tritium (3H) is used in glowing "EXIT" signs located where there is no electricity for lightbulbs. If the half-life of tritium is 12.26 years, what percentage of the original quantity of the isotope is left after 18.5 years?

Briefly explain why radon is such a serious health risk to humans.

What radiometric technique is used to produce images of the brain?

The most naturally abundant nuclides are those that ________

The mass of an atomic nucleus is ________ the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons (protons and neutrons).

The half-life for a radioactive sample ________

Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8.1 days and is used as a tracer for the thyroid gland. If a patient drinks a sodium iodide (NaI) solution containing iodine-131 on a Tuesday, how many days will it take for the concentration of iodine-131 to drop to 5.0% of its initial concentration?

Common activity levels of radon-222 are in the range of 1 picocurie/liter (pCi/L) at room temperature and pressure. How many atoms of radon decay each minute in a 1 L sample of gas with radiation at this level? Recall that 1 Bq = 1 decay/s and 1 Ci = 3.7  1010 Bq.

It is claimed that iron-56 is the most stable nuclide of all. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for iron-56.

Positron emission is associated with ________

The heaviest elements will generally have a neutron/proton ratio about equal to ________

The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of decay events per second. The SI unit of activity is the becquerel (1 Bq = 1/s). An older unit for activity is the curie (1 Ci = 3.70  1010/s). What is the activity in Bq of a sample with an activity of 47  Ci of radiation?

Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope of Co that is used for radiation therapy. It is produced originally from iron-58 ( ) according to the step . Which particle did the iron-58 absorb to become iron-59?

A rock from the moon was found to contain 1.0  105 g of uranium-238 and 4.0  106 g lead-206. All of the lead-206 came from the decay of uranium-238. The half-life for this decay is 4.5  10 9 years. How old is this rock?

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

Tritium (³H) is used in glowing "EXIT" signs located where there is no electricity for lightbulbs. If the half-life of tritium is 12.26 years, what percentage of the original quantity of the isotope is left after 18.5 years?

Common activity levels of radon-222 are in the range of 1 picocurie/liter (pCi/L) at room temperature and pressure. How many atoms of radon decay each minute in a 1 L sample of gas with radiation at this level? Recall that 1 Bq = 1 decay/s and 1 Ci = 3.7  10¹⁰Bq.

The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of decay events per second. The SI unit of activity is the becquerel (1 Bq = 1/s). An older unit for activity is the curie (1 Ci = 3.70  10¹⁰/s). What is the activity in Bq of a sample with an activity of 47  Ci of radiation?

A rock from the moon was found to contain 1.0  10^⁵ g of uranium-238 and 4.0  10^⁶ g lead-206. All of the lead-206 came from the decay of uranium-238. The half-life for this decay is 4.5  10 ⁹ years. How old is this rock?