Question 1

Potential uses for inhaled NO include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 
B) persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn 
C) primary pulmonary hypertension 
D) status asthmaticus 
A) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 
B) persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn 
C) primary pulmonary hypertension 
D) status asthmaticus

Question 2

An O2 delivery device takes separate pressurized air and O2 sources as input, then mixes these gases through a precision valve. What does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A) O2 blending system 
B) reservoir system 
C) air-entrainment system 
D) low-flow system 
A) O2 blending system 
B) reservoir system 
C) air-entrainment system 
D) low-flow system

Question 3

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O2 through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Check and tighten all connections. 
B) Replace the humidifier with a new one. 
C) Look for crimped or twisted delivery tubing. 
D) Decrease the flow rate to 2 L/min. 
A) Check and tighten all connections. 
B) Replace the humidifier with a new one. 
C) Look for crimped or twisted delivery tubing. 
D) Decrease the flow rate to 2 L/min.

Question 4

Which of the following would indicate a need for O2 therapy for an adult or child?
I.SaO2 less than 90%
II.PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg
III.PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

A) II and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I and III 
A) II and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I and III

Question 5

Which of the following is considered an advantage of the transtracheal catheter?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not provide any economic benefit compared with the nasal cannula. 
B) It decreases the anatomic reservoir. 
C) It requires 40% to 60% less O2 flow than the nasal cannula. 
D) It requires higher flows than the nasal cannula. 
A) It does not provide any economic benefit compared with the nasal cannula. 
B) It decreases the anatomic reservoir. 
C) It requires 40% to 60% less O2 flow than the nasal cannula. 
D) It requires higher flows than the nasal cannula.

Question 6

Which of the following would indicate adequate oxygenation for adult patients with chronic lung disease and an accompanying acute-on-chronic hypoxemia?
I.SaO2 of 90% or higher
II.PaO2 of 50 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg
III.SaO2 of 85% to 90%

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 7

Toxic side effects of inhaled NO include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) acute pulmonary edema 
B) direct cellular damage 
C) impaired surfactant production 
D) sulfhemoglobinemia 
A) acute pulmonary edema 
B) direct cellular damage 
C) impaired surfactant production 
D) sulfhemoglobinemia

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false about low-flow O2 delivery systems?

Accepted Answer

A) The greater the patient's inspiratory flow, the greater is the FIO2. 
B) All low-flow devices provide variable O2 concentrations. 
C) The O2 provided by a low-flow device is diluted with air. 
D) The patient's flow usually exceeds that from a low-flow device. 
A) The greater the patient's inspiratory flow, the greater is the FIO2. 
B) All low-flow devices provide variable O2 concentrations. 
C) The O2 provided by a low-flow device is diluted with air. 
D) The patient's flow usually exceeds that from a low-flow device.

Question 9

A physician orders a 70% He:30% O2 mixture to reduce the work of breathing in a patient having an acute asthmatic attack. Which of the following delivery systems would be appropriate in this case?

Accepted Answer

A) adult O2 tent at 15 L/min 
B) aerosol mask at 12 L/min 
C) nasal cannula at 6 L/min 
D) nonrebreathing mask at 10 L/min 
A) adult O2 tent at 15 L/min 
B) aerosol mask at 12 L/min 
C) nasal cannula at 6 L/min 
D) nonrebreathing mask at 10 L/min

Question 10

Physiologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) neovascularization 
B) bubble reduction 
C) enhanced immune function 
D) systemic vasodilation 
A) neovascularization 
B) bubble reduction 
C) enhanced immune function 
D) systemic vasodilation

Question 11

A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows between 6 and 10 L/min), should provide inspired O2 concentrations in what range?

Accepted Answer

A) 55% to 70% 
B) 45% to 60% 
C) 75% to 90% 
D) 70% to 85% 
A) 55% to 70% 
B) 45% to 60% 
C) 75% to 90% 
D) 70% to 85%

Question 12

A patient receiving 35% O2 through an air-entrainment mask set at 6 L/min input flow becomes tachypneic. Simultaneously, you notice that the SpO2 has fallen from 91% to 87%. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Switch the patient to a 40% air-entrainment mask. 
B) Increase the device's input flow to 10 L/min. 
C) Switch the patient to a 28% air-entrainment mask. 
D) Decrease the device's input flow to 4 L/min. 
A) Switch the patient to a 40% air-entrainment mask. 
B) Increase the device's input flow to 10 L/min. 
C) Switch the patient to a 28% air-entrainment mask. 
D) Decrease the device's input flow to 4 L/min.

Question 13

What is the minimum criterion for how often an O2 delivery system should be checked according to the clinical practice guidelines from the AARC?

Accepted Answer

A) every 4 hours 
B) every 8 hours 
C) every 24 hours 
D) every 48 hours 
A) every 4 hours 
B) every 8 hours 
C) every 24 hours 
D) every 48 hours

Question 14

Compared to air, the density of an 80% He and 20% O2 mixture is about which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) two-thirds as much 
B) one-half as much 
C) one-third as much 
D) one-fifth as much 
A) two-thirds as much 
B) one-half as much 
C) one-third as much 
D) one-fifth as much

Question 15

You connect an intubated patient to an air-entrainment nebulizer system through a T-tube set at 60% with an input flow of 15 L/min. Toward the middle of inspiration, you observe that mist stops exiting from the open end of the T-tube. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) Flow is adequate to meet patient needs. 
B) Patient has a low inspiratory flow rate. 
C) Flowmeter must be calibrated. 
D) Patient is not receiving 60% O2. 
A) Flow is adequate to meet patient needs. 
B) Patient has a low inspiratory flow rate. 
C) Flowmeter must be calibrated. 
D) Patient is not receiving 60% O2.

Question 16

Physiologic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) recruitment of collapsed alveoli 
B) improved blood flow to ventilated alveoli 
C) decreased pulmonary vascular resistance 
D) reduced intrapulmonary shunting 
A) recruitment of collapsed alveoli 
B) improved blood flow to ventilated alveoli 
C) decreased pulmonary vascular resistance 
D) reduced intrapulmonary shunting

Question 17

At an FIO2 of 1, what is the approximate half-life of blood carboxyhemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 minutes 
B) 80 minutes 
C) 3 hours 
D) 5 hours 
A) 20 minutes 
B) 80 minutes 
C) 3 hours 
D) 5 hours

Question 18

A physician orders supplemental O2 for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive about 60% O2. Which of the following should you recommend?

Accepted Answer

A) The O2 should be given through a reservoir mask at 10 L/min. 
B) The cannula flow should be set to 15 instead of 12 L/min. 
C) The O2 should be given through a simple mask set at 5 to 12 L/min. 
D) The O2 should be given through a simple mask set at 12 to 15 L/min. 
A) The O2 should be given through a reservoir mask at 10 L/min. 
B) The cannula flow should be set to 15 instead of 12 L/min. 
C) The O2 should be given through a simple mask set at 5 to 12 L/min. 
D) The O2 should be given through a simple mask set at 12 to 15 L/min.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about reservoir cannulas?

Accepted Answer

A) They reduce O2 use as much as 200%. 
B) During exercise, they do not reduce O2 use. 
C) Humidification is absolutely necessary. 
D) Nasal anatomy and breathing pattern can affect performance of the device. 
A) They reduce O2 use as much as 200%. 
B) During exercise, they do not reduce O2 use. 
C) Humidification is absolutely necessary. 
D) Nasal anatomy and breathing pattern can affect performance of the device.

Question 20

Directing a cool O2 mixture to an infant in an Oxy-Hood can result in which of the following?
I.increased O2 consumption
II.increased convective heat loss
III.apnea (cessation of breathing)

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III

Exam 38: Medical Gas Therapy

Potential uses for inhaled NO include all of the following except:

An O2 delivery device takes separate pressurized air and O2 sources as input, then mixes these gases through a precision valve. What does this describe?

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O2 through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

Which of the following would indicate a need for O2 therapy for an adult or child? I.SaO2 less than 90% II.PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg III.PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg

Which of the following is considered an advantage of the transtracheal catheter?

Which of the following would indicate adequate oxygenation for adult patients with chronic lung disease and an accompanying acute-on-chronic hypoxemia? I.SaO2 of 90% or higher II.PaO2 of 50 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg III.SaO2 of 85% to 90%

Toxic side effects of inhaled NO include all of the following except:

Which of the following statements is false about low-flow O2 delivery systems?

A physician orders a 70% He:30% O2 mixture to reduce the work of breathing in a patient having an acute asthmatic attack. Which of the following delivery systems would be appropriate in this case?

Physiologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy include all of the following except:

A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows between 6 and 10 L/min), should provide inspired O2 concentrations in what range?

A patient receiving 35% O2 through an air-entrainment mask set at 6 L/min input flow becomes tachypneic. Simultaneously, you notice that the SpO2 has fallen from 91% to 87%. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

What is the minimum criterion for how often an O2 delivery system should be checked according to the clinical practice guidelines from the AARC?

Compared to air, the density of an 80% He and 20% O2 mixture is about which of the following?

You connect an intubated patient to an air-entrainment nebulizer system through a T-tube set at 60% with an input flow of 15 L/min. Toward the middle of inspiration, you observe that mist stops exiting from the open end of the T-tube. What does this indicate?

Physiologic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) include all of the following except:

At an FIO2 of 1, what is the approximate half-life of blood carboxyhemoglobin?

A physician orders supplemental O2 for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive about 60% O2. Which of the following should you recommend?

Which of the following is TRUE about reservoir cannulas?

Directing a cool O2 mixture to an infant in an Oxy-Hood can result in which of the following? I.increased O2 consumption II.increased convective heat loss III.apnea (cessation of breathing)

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

An O₂delivery device takes separate pressurized air and O₂ sources as input, then mixes these gases through a precision valve. What does this describe?

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O₂ through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

Which of the following would indicate a need for O₂therapy for an adult or child? I.SaO₂less than 90% II.PaCO₂greater than 45 mm Hg III.PaO₂less than 60 mm Hg

Which of the following would indicate adequate oxygenation for adult patients with chronic lung disease and an accompanying acute-on-chronic hypoxemia? I.SaO₂of 90% or higher II.PaO₂ of 50 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg III.SaO₂ of 85% to 90%

Which of the following statements is false about low-flow O₂ delivery systems?

A physician orders a 70% He:30% O₂ mixture to reduce the work of breathing in a patient having an acute asthmatic attack. Which of the following delivery systems would be appropriate in this case?

A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows between 6 and 10 L/min), should provide inspired O₂ concentrations in what range?

A patient receiving 35% O₂ through an air-entrainment mask set at 6 L/min input flow becomes tachypneic. Simultaneously, you notice that the SpO₂ has fallen from 91% to 87%. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?

What is the minimum criterion for how often an O₂ delivery system should be checked according to the clinical practice guidelines from the AARC?

Compared to air, the density of an 80% He and 20% O₂mixture is about which of the following?

At an FIO₂ of 1, what is the approximate half-life of blood carboxyhemoglobin?

A physician orders supplemental O₂ for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive about 60% O₂. Which of the following should you recommend?

Directing a cool O₂ mixture to an infant in an Oxy-Hood can result in which of the following? I.increased O₂consumption II.increased convective heat loss III.apnea (cessation of breathing)