Question 1

Under what conditions will the alveolar PACO2 rise above normal?

Accepted Answer

A) if both metabolic rate and ventilation increase (e.g., through exercise) 
B) if carbon dioxide production decreases relative to $\dot { V }$ A 
C) if $\dot { V }$ A decreases relative to carbon dioxide production 
D) when the patient is febrile 
A) if both metabolic rate and ventilation increase (e.g., through exercise) 
B) if carbon dioxide production decreases relative to $\dot { V }$ A 
C) if $\dot { V }$ A decreases relative to carbon dioxide production 
D) when the patient is febrile

Question 2

Which of the following are potential causes of hypoxia?
I.decrease in arterial PO2
II.decrease in available Hb
III.decrease in cardiac output

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 3

What is the primary determinant of the PAO2?

Accepted Answer

A) body's $\dot { V }$ CO2 
B) metabolic rate of the body tissues 
C) PaO2 
D) PO2 in the inspired gas 
A) body's $\dot { V }$ CO2 
B) metabolic rate of the body tissues 
C) PaO2 
D) PO2 in the inspired gas

Question 4

In the presence of an acutely reduced arterial oxygen content (hypoxemia), normal oxygen delivery to the tissues can be maintained by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) hyperventilation (increased V
A)  
B) increased RBC production 
C) increasing the cardiac output 
D) peripheral vasoconstriction 
A) hyperventilation (increased V
A)  
B) increased RBC production 
C) increasing the cardiac output 
D) peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 5

Carbon dioxide is most commonly elevated due to significant pulmonary disease that results in small tidal volumes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the normal range of PAO2 - PaO2 for healthy young adults breathing room air?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 10 mm Hg 
B) 10 to 20 mm Hg 
C) 20 to 30 mm Hg 
D) 50 to 60 mm Hg 
A) 5 to 10 mm Hg 
B) 10 to 20 mm Hg 
C) 20 to 30 mm Hg 
D) 50 to 60 mm Hg

Question 7

Regarding pulmonary blood flow in the upright lung, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The apexes receive about 20 times more blood flow than the bases. 
B) The bases receive about 20 times more blood flow than the apexes. 
C) The greatest blood flow is found at the apexes of the lungs. 
D) The pulmonary circulation is a high-pressure system. 
A) The apexes receive about 20 times more blood flow than the bases. 
B) The bases receive about 20 times more blood flow than the apexes. 
C) The greatest blood flow is found at the apexes of the lungs. 
D) The pulmonary circulation is a high-pressure system.

Question 8

The affinity of Hb for carbon monoxide (CO) is approximately how many times greater than its affinity for oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 to 50 times greater 
B) 50 to 90 times greater 
C) 100 to 190 times greater 
D) 200 or greater 
A) 10 to 50 times greater 
B) 50 to 90 times greater 
C) 100 to 190 times greater 
D) 200 or greater

Question 9

When oxygen uptake by the tissues is abnormally low, as occurs in certain forms of dysoxia, what would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased CaO2 
B) decreased CvO2 
C) decreased PaO2 
D) increased CvO2 
A) decreased CaO2 
B) decreased CvO2 
C) decreased PaO2 
D) increased CvO2

Question 10

The oxidation of the Hb molecule's iron ions to the ferric state (Fe3+) results in which of the following?
I.form of anemia called sickle cell anemia
II.formation of methemoglobin (metHb)
III.inability of metHb to bind with oxygen

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 11

Carbon dioxide diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane about how many times faster than oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 40 
A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 40

Question 12

Which of the following "layers" must be traversed by gases moving across the alveolar-capillary membrane?
I.alveolar epithelial membrane
II.capillary endothelial membrane
III.interstitial space
IV.transbronchial radial tethering mechanisms

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT increase the affinity of Hb for oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased 2,3-DPG 
B) decreased PCO2 
C) increased pH 
D) increased temperature 
A) decreased 2,3-DPG 
B) decreased PCO2 
C) increased pH 
D) increased temperature

Question 14

Which of the following gases would diffuse fastest across the alveolar-capillary membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) air 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) oxygen 
D) nitrogen 
A) air 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) oxygen 
D) nitrogen

Question 15

According to the Fick principle, if oxygen consumption remains constant, an increase in cardiac output will manifest itself as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) decrease in the CaO2 - C $\over{V}$ O2 
B) increase in the CaO2 
C) increase in the CaO2 - C $\over{V}$ O2 
D) decrease in the C $\over{V}$ O2 
A) decrease in the CaO2 - C $\over{V}$ O2 
B) increase in the CaO2 
C) increase in the CaO2 - C $\over{V}$ O2 
D) decrease in the C $\over{V}$ O2

Question 16

At body temperature, how much oxygen will physically dissolve in plasma at a PO2 of 40 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.12 ml/dl 
B) 0.20 ml/dl 
C) 0.30 ml/dl 
D) 1.34 g/dl 
A) 0.12 ml/dl 
B) 0.20 ml/dl 
C) 0.30 ml/dl 
D) 1.34 g/dl

Question 17

Why is it necessary to keep the patient's PaO2 greater than 60 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A) A level of 60 mm Hg marks the beginning of the steep part of O2Hb dissociation curve. 
B) Below the 60 mm Hg level, tissue hypoxia is ensured. 
C) Oxygen deprivation will cause severe cerebral vasoconstriction below 60 mm Hg. 
D) The PaCO2 will start to rise precipitously if the PaO2 falls further. 
A) A level of 60 mm Hg marks the beginning of the steep part of O2Hb dissociation curve. 
B) Below the 60 mm Hg level, tissue hypoxia is ensured. 
C) Oxygen deprivation will cause severe cerebral vasoconstriction below 60 mm Hg. 
D) The PaCO2 will start to rise precipitously if the PaO2 falls further.

Question 18

A 70-kg male patient has a $\dot { V }$ CO2 of 200 ml/min and a $\dot { V }$ A of 9 L/min. From this information, what can you infer?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient's carbon dioxide production is abnormally low. 
B) The patient's $\dot { V }$ A is abnormally low. 
C) The patient will have a lower than normal PACO2. 
D) The patient will have a higher than normal PACO2. 
A) The patient's carbon dioxide production is abnormally low. 
B) The patient's $\dot { V }$ A is abnormally low. 
C) The patient will have a lower than normal PACO2. 
D) The patient will have a higher than normal PACO2.

Question 19

Under which of the following conditions may carbon dioxide removal be impaired?
I.when a $$\dot { V }$$ / $\dot { Q }$ imbalance exists
II.when the dead space ventilation/min is increased
III.when the minute ventilation is inadequate

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 20

What is the most important component in the oxygen transport system?

Accepted Answer

A) dissolved oxygen in ml/dl 
B) HCO3- 
C) Hb 
D) PaO2 
A) dissolved oxygen in ml/dl 
B) HCO3- 
C) Hb 
D) PaO2

Exam 11: Gas Exchange and Transport

Under what conditions will the alveolar PACO2 rise above normal?

Which of the following are potential causes of hypoxia? I.decrease in arterial PO2 II.decrease in available Hb III.decrease in cardiac output

What is the primary determinant of the PAO2?

In the presence of an acutely reduced arterial oxygen content (hypoxemia), normal oxygen delivery to the tissues can be maintained by which of the following?

Carbon dioxide is most commonly elevated due to significant pulmonary disease that results in small tidal volumes.

What is the normal range of PAO2 - PaO2 for healthy young adults breathing room air?

Regarding pulmonary blood flow in the upright lung, which of the following statements is true?

The affinity of Hb for carbon monoxide (CO) is approximately how many times greater than its affinity for oxygen?

When oxygen uptake by the tissues is abnormally low, as occurs in certain forms of dysoxia, what would you expect to find?

The oxidation of the Hb molecule's iron ions to the ferric state (Fe3+) results in which of the following? I.form of anemia called sickle cell anemia II.formation of methemoglobin (metHb) III.inability of metHb to bind with oxygen

Carbon dioxide diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane about how many times faster than oxygen?

Which of the following "layers" must be traversed by gases moving across the alveolar-capillary membrane? I.alveolar epithelial membrane II.capillary endothelial membrane III.interstitial space IV.transbronchial radial tethering mechanisms

Which of the following does NOT increase the affinity of Hb for oxygen?

Which of the following gases would diffuse fastest across the alveolar-capillary membrane?

According to the Fick principle, if oxygen consumption remains constant, an increase in cardiac output will manifest itself as which of the following?

At body temperature, how much oxygen will physically dissolve in plasma at a PO2 of 40 mm Hg?

Why is it necessary to keep the patient's PaO2 greater than 60 mm Hg?

A 70-kg male patient has a V˙\dot { V }V˙ CO2 of 200 ml/min and a V˙\dot { V }V˙ A of 9 L/min. From this information, what can you infer?

Under which of the following conditions may carbon dioxide removal be impaired? I.when a V˙\dot { V }V˙ / Q˙\dot { Q }Q˙​ imbalance exists II.when the dead space ventilation/min is increased III.when the minute ventilation is inadequate

What is the most important component in the oxygen transport system?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Under what conditions will the alveolar PACO₂ rise above normal?

Which of the following are potential causes of hypoxia? I.decrease in arterial PO₂ II.decrease in available Hb III.decrease in cardiac output

What is the primary determinant of the PAO₂?

What is the normal range of PAO₂ - PaO₂ for healthy young adults breathing room air?

The oxidation of the Hb molecule's iron ions to the ferric state (Fe³⁺) results in which of the following? I.form of anemia called sickle cell anemia II.formation of methemoglobin (metHb) III.inability of metHb to bind with oxygen

At body temperature, how much oxygen will physically dissolve in plasma at a PO₂ of 40 mm Hg?

Why is it necessary to keep the patient's PaO₂ greater than 60 mm Hg?

A 70-kg male patient has a $\dot { V }$ CO₂of 200 ml/min and a $\dot { V }$ _A of 9 L/min. From this information, what can you infer?

Under which of the following conditions may carbon dioxide removal be impaired? I.when a $\dot { V }$ / $\dot { Q }$ imbalance exists II.when the dead space ventilation/min is increased III.when the minute ventilation is inadequate