Exam 28: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Because of the low pressure and flow rates,the blood in veins may spontaneously clot,as shown below.If the blood clot were to break free it could move to the lungs,causing the life-threatening condition known as ________.

In the figure below,the arrow is pointing to the

Which statement accurately describes the pathway an oxygen molecule follows as it moves through the lung to the blood?

Which of the following statements about the surface area available for gas exchange is true?

Since the body is so much larger that the lungs,the volume of blood pumped into the systemic circuit is substantially greater than that pumped into the pulmonary circuit.

Numerous body systems deal with the various physiological issues that living organisms face;the internal transport of oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients,hormones,and dissolved wastes is the responsibility of the ________ system.

The figure below illustrates distance and diffusion time;note that the time required is NOT directly proportional to the distance.Why,for the insect and mouse,might an increase in distance of 20-fold require an increase in time of 60-fold?

The rate of diffusion declines with increasing distance because the concentration gradient becomes progressively smaller.

Bubbles slowly form in a glass of cold water as it warms because the solubility of dissolved gases is inversely proportional to the ________ of a solution.

It's very rare for two sets of capillaries to occur in sequence;what physiological challenge could occur in such a situation?

Inhaled air passes through a number of organs on its way to the alveoli;into which organ does it enter immediately after leaving the nasal cavity?

In addition to ethical consideration,artificially increasing the quantity of red blood cells is dangerous;some athletes have suffered ________ after taking drugs like EPO.

Erythropoietin (EPO),which is made by the kidneys,is involved in the production of white blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body.

Red blood cells are produced in the ________.

Where is hemoglobin expected to release oxygen?

When blood flowing in a pulmonary capillary first arrives at an alveolus,the concentration of

Hemoglobin

The rate of gas diffusion when the surface area is ________ will be greater than when the surface area is ________.

Average human lung capacity is 6 L,but a typical breath is only about 400 ml;inhaled air only directly reaches the bronchi.How does the oxygen get from the bronchi to the alveoli?

Hemoglobin,like many other oxygen-binding pigments,contains the metallic element ________.