Question 1

The energy carriers NADPH and NADH are different from each other structurally.Functionally,they are

Accepted Answer

A)  quite similar;they both transport electrons and hydrogen ions that are released in catabolic pathways. 
B)  quite similar;they both transport electrons and hydrogen ions to anabolic pathways. 
C)  somewhat different;NADPH receives electrons and hydrogen from catabolic processes,whereas NADH delivers those items to anabolic processes. 
D)  somewhat different;NADH receives electrons and hydrogen from catabolic processes,whereas NADPH delivers those items to anabolic processes. 
A)  quite similar;they both transport electrons and hydrogen ions that are released in catabolic pathways. 
B)  quite similar;they both transport electrons and hydrogen ions to anabolic pathways. 
C)  somewhat different;NADPH receives electrons and hydrogen from catabolic processes,whereas NADH delivers those items to anabolic processes. 
D)  somewhat different;NADH receives electrons and hydrogen from catabolic processes,whereas NADPH delivers those items to anabolic processes. D

Question 2

Light consists of massless particles called photons,each of which travels through space with a wavelike oscillation.Photons that have more energy content have wavelengths that are ________.

Accepted Answer

shorter

Question 3

You have shrunk to molecular size and find yourself in a chamber inside a chloroplast where protons are being pumped into another chamber.You are in the ________.

Accepted Answer

stroma

Question 4

The most common cause of death by poisoning around the world is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common cause of death by...

Question 5

Energy is used to force protons from the thylakoid space back into the stroma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

During alcoholic fermentation,why is pyruvate converted to ethanol?

Accepted Answer

A)  to increase the efficiency of cellular respiration by producing additional molecules of ATP 
B)  to release O2 as a by-product so that cellular respiration can continue 
C)  to create lactic acid that will stimulate muscle contraction 
D)  to recycle NADH back into NAD+ so that the cell can continue glycolysis 
A)  to increase the efficiency of cellular respiration by producing additional molecules of ATP 
B)  to release O2 as a by-product so that cellular respiration can continue 
C)  to create lactic acid that will stimulate muscle contraction 
D)  to recycle NADH back into NAD+ so that the cell can continue glycolysis

Question 7

Alcohol is a by-product of fermentation by yeast.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

All of the following elements can be found in the photosynthetic intermediary molecules that lead to the production of sugar;which element does NOT remain in the final product?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  phosphorous 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  oxygen 
A)  carbon 
B)  phosphorous 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  oxygen

Question 9

A fermentation pathway is an oxidative pathway in which the electrons that are released from a nutrient molecule are transferred to molecules created by the catabolism of the nutrient.In lactic acid fermentation,what molecule receives electrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  glucose 
C)  lactic acid 
D)  ethanol 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  glucose 
C)  lactic acid 
D)  ethanol

Question 10

Lactic acid is a by-product of fermentation in the human body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Biologists believe that in the earliest version of photosynthesis,the energized photosystem electron simply cycled back to the chlorophyll molecule.Which of the following limitations would NOT be imposed by such a system?

Accepted Answer

A)  No molecular oxygen would be generated. 
B)  No electrons would be available to reduce the carbon in CO2. 
C)  Cells could produce ATP but not sugars. 
D)  Cells could produce O2 but not sugars. 
A)  No molecular oxygen would be generated. 
B)  No electrons would be available to reduce the carbon in CO2. 
C)  Cells could produce ATP but not sugars. 
D)  Cells could produce O2 but not sugars.

Question 12

Biologists believe that Earth's early life-forms were exposed to an atmosphere that had no molecular oxygen and therefore had not yet evolved the Krebs cycle.If so,alcoholic fermentation would have been particularly critical to life,because without this pathway

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol would not be available as a nutrient for other consumers. 
B)  lactic acid would accumulate and disable prokaryotic muscle cells. 
C)  carbon could not be recycled back into the biosphere for use by producers. 
D)  the only source of NADH for electron transport would be from glycolysis;therefore,ATP production would be greatly reduced. 
A)  ethanol would not be available as a nutrient for other consumers. 
B)  lactic acid would accumulate and disable prokaryotic muscle cells. 
C)  carbon could not be recycled back into the biosphere for use by producers. 
D)  the only source of NADH for electron transport would be from glycolysis;therefore,ATP production would be greatly reduced.

Question 13

A funnel is used to channel substances that are collected over a wide area into a narrow-necked container.In the Calvin cycle,a funnel might be a good analogy for the

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction center. 
B)  antenna complex. 
C)  thylakoid. 
D)  stoma. 
A)  reaction center. 
B)  antenna complex. 
C)  thylakoid. 
D)  stoma.

Question 14

What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides a phosphate group to ATP. 
B)  It captures light energy and transfers it to the electron transport chain. 
C)  It provides replacement electrons to the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem II. 
D)  It combines with carbon dioxide (CO2)to make glucose. 
A)  It provides a phosphate group to ATP. 
B)  It captures light energy and transfers it to the electron transport chain. 
C)  It provides replacement electrons to the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem II. 
D)  It combines with carbon dioxide (CO2)to make glucose.

Question 15

During photosynthesis,energized electrons flow from ________ to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosystem I;photosystem II 
B)  the reaction center;the antenna complex 
C)  photosystem II;photosystem I 
D)  the stroma;the intermembrane space 
A)  photosystem I;photosystem II 
B)  the reaction center;the antenna complex 
C)  photosystem II;photosystem I 
D)  the stroma;the intermembrane space

Question 16

During exercise,the increase in our respiration rate and heartbeat speed is driven by the need to replenish the oxygen used to support

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid fermentation. 
B)  carbon dioxide synthesis in our lungs. 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation in muscle cell mitochondria. 
D)  the dark reactions of photosynthesis. 
A)  lactic acid fermentation. 
B)  carbon dioxide synthesis in our lungs. 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation in muscle cell mitochondria. 
D)  the dark reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 17

The electron transport chains (ETCs)in the chloroplasts and the mitochondria gradually lower the energy content of an electron as it passes from carrier to carrier.This process is similar to the reduction in the energy content of a

Accepted Answer

A)  cannonball that reaches the high point of its flight and then returns to the ground. 
B)  bowling ball bouncing down a flight of stairs and landing temporarily on each step. 
C)  pair of sunglasses that intercepts ultraviolet radiation before it reaches our eyes. 
D)  newly baked pie cooling on the counter before it can be cut and eaten. 
A)  cannonball that reaches the high point of its flight and then returns to the ground. 
B)  bowling ball bouncing down a flight of stairs and landing temporarily on each step. 
C)  pair of sunglasses that intercepts ultraviolet radiation before it reaches our eyes. 
D)  newly baked pie cooling on the counter before it can be cut and eaten.

Question 18

The process that produces ATP from sugars begins with glycolysis;when fatty acids are used as nutrients to generate ATP instead of sugars,the process begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  the Calvin cycle. 
C)  the electron transport chain. 
D)  the Krebs cycle. 
A)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  the Calvin cycle. 
C)  the electron transport chain. 
D)  the Krebs cycle.

Question 19

Which of the following substances is NOT a respiratory poison?

Accepted Answer

A)  rotenone 
B)  carbonic anhydrase 
C)  cyanide 
D)  carbon monoxide 
A)  rotenone 
B)  carbonic anhydrase 
C)  cyanide 
D)  carbon monoxide

Question 20

Fermentation produces more ATP molecules than aerobic respiration does.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

The energy carriers NADPH and NADH are different from each other structurally.Functionally,they are

Light consists of massless particles called photons,each of which travels through space with a wavelike oscillation.Photons that have more energy content have wavelengths that are ________.

You have shrunk to molecular size and find yourself in a chamber inside a chloroplast where protons are being pumped into another chamber.You are in the ________.

The most common cause of death by poisoning around the world is ________.

Energy is used to force protons from the thylakoid space back into the stroma.

During alcoholic fermentation,why is pyruvate converted to ethanol?

Alcohol is a by-product of fermentation by yeast.

All of the following elements can be found in the photosynthetic intermediary molecules that lead to the production of sugar;which element does NOT remain in the final product?

A fermentation pathway is an oxidative pathway in which the electrons that are released from a nutrient molecule are transferred to molecules created by the catabolism of the nutrient.In lactic acid fermentation,what molecule receives electrons?

Lactic acid is a by-product of fermentation in the human body.

Biologists believe that in the earliest version of photosynthesis,the energized photosystem electron simply cycled back to the chlorophyll molecule.Which of the following limitations would NOT be imposed by such a system?

Biologists believe that Earth's early life-forms were exposed to an atmosphere that had no molecular oxygen and therefore had not yet evolved the Krebs cycle.If so,alcoholic fermentation would have been particularly critical to life,because without this pathway

A funnel is used to channel substances that are collected over a wide area into a narrow-necked container.In the Calvin cycle,a funnel might be a good analogy for the

What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

During photosynthesis,energized electrons flow from ________ to ________.

During exercise,the increase in our respiration rate and heartbeat speed is driven by the need to replenish the oxygen used to support

The electron transport chains (ETCs)in the chloroplasts and the mitochondria gradually lower the energy content of an electron as it passes from carrier to carrier.This process is similar to the reduction in the energy content of a

The process that produces ATP from sugars begins with glycolysis;when fatty acids are used as nutrients to generate ATP instead of sugars,the process begins with

Which of the following substances is NOT a respiratory poison?

Fermentation produces more ATP molecules than aerobic respiration does.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons,Muscles,and Movement

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Filters

During photosynthesis,energized electrons flow from to .