Question 1

After a signal has been transmitted to a receiving cell,neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft because

Accepted Answer

A)  if even one neurotransmitter escapes from the synaptic cleft,it will produce action potentials in other neurons. 
B)  if neurotransmitters are not removed,they will enter the receiving cell and stimulate action potentials in organelle membranes. 
C)  neurotransmitters that remain in the synaptic cleft continue to bind to receptors in the receiving cell,potentially initiating new action potentials. 
D)  making neurotransmitters from scratch is energetically expensive,so the cell must recycle them. 
A)  if even one neurotransmitter escapes from the synaptic cleft,it will produce action potentials in other neurons. 
B)  if neurotransmitters are not removed,they will enter the receiving cell and stimulate action potentials in organelle membranes. 
C)  neurotransmitters that remain in the synaptic cleft continue to bind to receptors in the receiving cell,potentially initiating new action potentials. 
D)  making neurotransmitters from scratch is energetically expensive,so the cell must recycle them. C

Question 2

In bright light,the openings in the pupils of our eyes become smaller.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

An action potential travels in only one direction because

Accepted Answer

A)  the nodes of Ranvier are open only at the site of the action potential. 
B)  only the sodium channels "downstream" are open. 
C)  only the sodium channels at the site of the action potential remain open. 
D)  sodium ions can move only between the nodes of Ranvier. 
A)  the nodes of Ranvier are open only at the site of the action potential. 
B)  only the sodium channels "downstream" are open. 
C)  only the sodium channels at the site of the action potential remain open. 
D)  sodium ions can move only between the nodes of Ranvier. B

Question 4

The cerebrum has four major lobes.Which of the following is one of these?

Accepted Answer

A)  the parietal 
B)  the cerebellum 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the medulla oblongata 
A)  the parietal 
B)  the cerebellum 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the medulla oblongata

Question 5

The figure below illustrates how a neuron with a myelinated axon transmits signals.
 
What is happening in Region A of this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  An action potential is moving between two nodes of Ranvier. 
B)  Neurotransmitters are rapidly diffusing between two nodes of Ranvier. 
C)  An electric charge is moving rapidly between two nodes of Ranvier. 
D)  Myelin is carrying sodium ions between two nodes of Ranvier. 
A)  An action potential is moving between two nodes of Ranvier. 
B)  Neurotransmitters are rapidly diffusing between two nodes of Ranvier. 
C)  An electric charge is moving rapidly between two nodes of Ranvier. 
D)  Myelin is carrying sodium ions between two nodes of Ranvier.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)  After reading all the possible answers to this question,you choose answer A. 
B)  The pupils of your eyes increase in diameter when you walk into a dark room. 
C)  A cell in your body releases insulin in response to the intake of food. 
D)  On a hot day,your body releases sweat.As the sweat evaporates,your body cools. 
A)  After reading all the possible answers to this question,you choose answer A. 
B)  The pupils of your eyes increase in diameter when you walk into a dark room. 
C)  A cell in your body releases insulin in response to the intake of food. 
D)  On a hot day,your body releases sweat.As the sweat evaporates,your body cools.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the flow of signals in our nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  from motor neurons to sensory neurons to interneurons 
B)  from sensory neurons to interneurons to motor neurons 
C)  from interneurons to sensory neurons to motor neurons 
D)  from sensory neurons to motor neurons to interneurons 
A)  from motor neurons to sensory neurons to interneurons 
B)  from sensory neurons to interneurons to motor neurons 
C)  from interneurons to sensory neurons to motor neurons 
D)  from sensory neurons to motor neurons to interneurons

Question 8

A strong stimulus produces

Accepted Answer

A)  stronger action potentials. 
B)  more action potentials. 
C)  both more and stronger action potentials. 
D)  more nodes of Ranvier. 
A)  stronger action potentials. 
B)  more action potentials. 
C)  both more and stronger action potentials. 
D)  more nodes of Ranvier.

Question 9

A neurotransmitter can inhibit the formation of an action potential in a receiving cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Axons transmit information in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  resting potentials. 
B)  sodium channels. 
C)  action potentials. 
D)  myelin sheaths. 
A)  resting potentials. 
B)  sodium channels. 
C)  action potentials. 
D)  myelin sheaths.

Question 11

The brain and spinal cord make up the ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The brain and spinal cord make up...

Question 12

As you complete this exam,which part of the brain is helping you decide which answer is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cerebellum 
B)  the pons 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the cerebral cortex 
A)  the cerebellum 
B)  the pons 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the cerebral cortex

Question 13

Which area of our brain acts as a "traffic manager"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the thalamus 
B)  the cerebral cortex 
C)  the pons 
D)  the cerebellum 
A)  the thalamus 
B)  the cerebral cortex 
C)  the pons 
D)  the cerebellum

Question 14

Neurotransmitters carry a signal from a stimulated nerve cell to another nerve cell across a gap known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic cleft. 
B)  target. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  cytokinin. 
A)  synaptic cleft. 
B)  target. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  cytokinin.

Question 15

The distance between an axon terminal and the receiving cell must be very small because

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma membranes of the two cells must be almost touching for action potentials to pass from one to the other. 
B)  neurons use the diffusion of neurotransmitters to transmit stimuli between cells,and diffusion is only rapid over short distances. 
C)  the short distance creates a large surface area so that the receiving cell can receive a large number of neurotransmitters at once,ensuring rapid signal transmission. 
D)  the short distance allows sodium to be exchanged between the two cells,ensuring that the receiving cell has enough sodium to create an action potential. 
A)  the plasma membranes of the two cells must be almost touching for action potentials to pass from one to the other. 
B)  neurons use the diffusion of neurotransmitters to transmit stimuli between cells,and diffusion is only rapid over short distances. 
C)  the short distance creates a large surface area so that the receiving cell can receive a large number of neurotransmitters at once,ensuring rapid signal transmission. 
D)  the short distance allows sodium to be exchanged between the two cells,ensuring that the receiving cell has enough sodium to create an action potential.

Question 16

Action potentials can only occur at the nodes of Ranvier.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements about axons is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Action potentials travel quickly in myelinated axons. 
B)  Axons transmit signals in two directions. 
C)  Axons are a long extension of a neuron. 
D)  Axons have a terminus that transmits signals to other cells. 
A)  Action potentials travel quickly in myelinated axons. 
B)  Axons transmit signals in two directions. 
C)  Axons are a long extension of a neuron. 
D)  Axons have a terminus that transmits signals to other cells.

Question 18

As you read this question,your eyes are moving to project the image of each word on your

Accepted Answer

A)  pupil. 
B)  lens. 
C)  rods. 
D)  fovea. 
A)  pupil. 
B)  lens. 
C)  rods. 
D)  fovea.

Question 19

A person with vitamin B deficiency often exhibits a "slow" nervous system.For example,his or her knee-jerk reflex is much slower than normal.Which of the following might explain why this is the case?

Accepted Answer

A)  The neurons of people with vitamin B deficiency have more sodium channels in the plasma membranes of their neurons than normal. 
B)  People with a vitamin B deficiency produce less myelin than normal people do. 
C)  Axons are slightly longer in a person with vitamin B deficiency,so the distance between transmitting and receiving cells is shorter. 
D)  People with vitamin B deficiencies produce weaker action potentials than normal people do. 
A)  The neurons of people with vitamin B deficiency have more sodium channels in the plasma membranes of their neurons than normal. 
B)  People with a vitamin B deficiency produce less myelin than normal people do. 
C)  Axons are slightly longer in a person with vitamin B deficiency,so the distance between transmitting and receiving cells is shorter. 
D)  People with vitamin B deficiencies produce weaker action potentials than normal people do.

Question 20

In the eyes of animals that are primarily active at night,such as raccoons,the retina would

Accepted Answer

A)  contain mostly rods. 
B)  not have pupils. 
C)  focus images. 
D)  lack a fovea. 
A)  contain mostly rods. 
B)  not have pupils. 
C)  focus images. 
D)  lack a fovea.

Exam 30: Nervous and Sensory Systems

After a signal has been transmitted to a receiving cell,neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft because

In bright light,the openings in the pupils of our eyes become smaller.

An action potential travels in only one direction because

The cerebrum has four major lobes.Which of the following is one of these?

The figure below illustrates how a neuron with a myelinated axon transmits signals. What is happening in Region A of this figure?

Which of the following is an example of a reflex arc?

Which of the following best describes the flow of signals in our nervous system?

A strong stimulus produces

A neurotransmitter can inhibit the formation of an action potential in a receiving cell.

Axons transmit information in the form of

The brain and spinal cord make up the ________ nervous system.

As you complete this exam,which part of the brain is helping you decide which answer is correct?

Which area of our brain acts as a "traffic manager"?

Neurotransmitters carry a signal from a stimulated nerve cell to another nerve cell across a gap known as a

The distance between an axon terminal and the receiving cell must be very small because

Action potentials can only occur at the nodes of Ranvier.

Which of the following statements about axons is FALSE?

As you read this question,your eyes are moving to project the image of each word on your

A person with vitamin B deficiency often exhibits a "slow" nervous system.For example,his or her knee-jerk reflex is much slower than normal.Which of the following might explain why this is the case?

In the eyes of animals that are primarily active at night,such as raccoons,the retina would

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