Question 1

Which of the following would explain why organ donors and organ recipients are genetically matched before an organ transplant is performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DNA of a person determines the specific antibody a person makes.In the case of an organ transplant,doctors want to ensure the antibody made within the new organ will not react with the antibody made by the recipient. 
B)  The self-identification markers on the surface of cells are genetically determined.If the surfaces of the donor's cells and the recipient's cells are not similar,the recipient's immune system will probably reject the new organ. 
C)  Different genetic sequences may cause the donor and the recipient to produce different strains of interferon,which would result in an autoimmune disease. 
D)  After entering a cell,an antibody molecule will move into its nucleus and will bind to any DNA segment lacking the self-identification sequence.This can cause organ rejection. 
A)  The DNA of a person determines the specific antibody a person makes.In the case of an organ transplant,doctors want to ensure the antibody made within the new organ will not react with the antibody made by the recipient. 
B)  The self-identification markers on the surface of cells are genetically determined.If the surfaces of the donor's cells and the recipient's cells are not similar,the recipient's immune system will probably reject the new organ. 
C)  Different genetic sequences may cause the donor and the recipient to produce different strains of interferon,which would result in an autoimmune disease. 
D)  After entering a cell,an antibody molecule will move into its nucleus and will bind to any DNA segment lacking the self-identification sequence.This can cause organ rejection. B

Question 2

Which of the following immune cells is likely to be the first to encounter the pathogen during a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  a macrophage 
B)  a neutrophil 
C)  a T helper cell 
D)  a cytotoxic T cell 
A)  a macrophage 
B)  a neutrophil 
C)  a T helper cell 
D)  a cytotoxic T cell B

Question 3

Some individuals may share one or more self-antigen components with one another;if so,they are much better candidates for tissue transplants (donor-recipient)than those with no similarities at all.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The immune system can recognize almost all foreign cells because they lack the genetically determined pattern of ________ and ________ found on the plasma membrane of its own cells.

Accepted Answer

carbohydra

Question 5

Macrophages are smaller than neutrophils but have a similar function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following areas of the human body is NOT the location of a major concentration of white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tonsils 
B)  the appendix 
C)  the kidneys 
D)  the spleen 
A)  the tonsils 
B)  the appendix 
C)  the kidneys 
D)  the spleen

Question 7

A variety of strategies have been utilized for the preparation of vaccines,but regardless of the method used to prepare it,one feature shared in common by all vaccines is that each contains one or more ________ from the targeted pathogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A variety of strategies have been utilized...

Question 8

The image below depicts

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive immunity: antibodies are being made. 
B)  passive immunity: neutrophils are being destroyed. 
C)  innate immunity: memory cells are being made. 
D)  inflammatory response: blood vessels are porous and leaking fluid. 
A)  adaptive immunity: antibodies are being made. 
B)  passive immunity: neutrophils are being destroyed. 
C)  innate immunity: memory cells are being made. 
D)  inflammatory response: blood vessels are porous and leaking fluid.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about an adaptive response to an invasive single-celled pathogen or virus is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The host immune system must be able to recognize the difference between its own cells and those of the pathogen. 
B)  A successful response requires the production of antibodies. 
C)  The presence of antibodies stimulates the production and release of soluble antigen. 
D)  Phagocytes will engulf and digest some of the pathogen. 
A)  The host immune system must be able to recognize the difference between its own cells and those of the pathogen. 
B)  A successful response requires the production of antibodies. 
C)  The presence of antibodies stimulates the production and release of soluble antigen. 
D)  Phagocytes will engulf and digest some of the pathogen.

Question 10

An autoimmune disease could occur if

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells fail to recognize and interact with helper T cells. 
B)  a helper T cell was unable to match its receptor to the antigen of an infectious agent. 
C)  B cells and T cells were unable to recognize the self-antigens displayed by host cells. 
D)  the antibodies produced in an earlier infection were reactivated in the bloodstream. 
A)  B cells fail to recognize and interact with helper T cells. 
B)  a helper T cell was unable to match its receptor to the antigen of an infectious agent. 
C)  B cells and T cells were unable to recognize the self-antigens displayed by host cells. 
D)  the antibodies produced in an earlier infection were reactivated in the bloodstream.

Question 11

Folklore has produced this advice: "Starve a cold,feed a fever." Based on your knowledge of immune action,how would you evaluate the suggestion of eating less?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is appropriate because the reduced food intake will allow the body to generate its cellular energy from stored foods that the pathogen is unable to utilize. 
B)  It is appropriate because eating less denies the energy needed to support the infection. 
C)  It is inappropriate because foods that are nutritious for humans are generally toxic to human pathogens. 
D)  It is inappropriate because the body needs nutrients and energy to support the cloning of adaptive immune cells and the extensive synthesis of antibodies. 
A)  It is appropriate because the reduced food intake will allow the body to generate its cellular energy from stored foods that the pathogen is unable to utilize. 
B)  It is appropriate because eating less denies the energy needed to support the infection. 
C)  It is inappropriate because foods that are nutritious for humans are generally toxic to human pathogens. 
D)  It is inappropriate because the body needs nutrients and energy to support the cloning of adaptive immune cells and the extensive synthesis of antibodies.

Question 12

The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure of the body's cancer ________ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure...

Question 13

HIV attacks B lymphocytes;this lowers the effectiveness of the antibody-mediated response but leaves cell-mediated immunity entirely intact.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

During a major infection a fever often develops.What best explains the origin of this change in body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infectious pathogens produce chemicals that stimulate the brain to elevate the temperature,creating an environment more suitable to bacterial growth. 
B)  The immune system stimulates the brain to elevate the temperature,an action that both limits bacterial growth and increases the rate of phagocytosis. 
C)  The infectious pathogens damage tissues throughout the body,creating a negative thermoregulatory feedback cycle. 
D)  The subsequent low energy levels that result from the metabolic demands of fever impair the nervous system and disable the homeostatic system that controls body temperature. 
A)  The infectious pathogens produce chemicals that stimulate the brain to elevate the temperature,creating an environment more suitable to bacterial growth. 
B)  The immune system stimulates the brain to elevate the temperature,an action that both limits bacterial growth and increases the rate of phagocytosis. 
C)  The infectious pathogens damage tissues throughout the body,creating a negative thermoregulatory feedback cycle. 
D)  The subsequent low energy levels that result from the metabolic demands of fever impair the nervous system and disable the homeostatic system that controls body temperature.

Question 15

The graph below depicts the change in antibody concentration following an initial and a later pathogen exposure.
   
The line labeled with the letter ________ represents the response after the initial exposure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The graph below depicts the change in...

Question 16

Vaccinations are required prior to traveling to many foreign locations;the goal of vaccination is to create populations of memory cells,so that any future exposure to the pathogen produces a secondary rather than primary response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

On occasion the immune response in inappropriate;for example,an allergy occurs when the immune system

Accepted Answer

A)  initiates a response to a substance that is not actually pathogenic. 
B)  misinterprets normal body cells for pathogenic ones and mounts an immune response against those tissues. 
C)  ignores a pathogen,like a parasitic worm,and permits it to reside and reproduce within the body. 
D)  suffers a genetic defect that disables or accentuates certain elements,resulting in either too little or too much response. 
A)  initiates a response to a substance that is not actually pathogenic. 
B)  misinterprets normal body cells for pathogenic ones and mounts an immune response against those tissues. 
C)  ignores a pathogen,like a parasitic worm,and permits it to reside and reproduce within the body. 
D)  suffers a genetic defect that disables or accentuates certain elements,resulting in either too little or too much response.

Question 18

Helper T cells perform all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
B)  stimulate the proliferation of B cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
C)  proliferate rapidly when bound to their specific antigen. 
D)  identify,contact,and destroy invasive organisms. 
A)  stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
B)  stimulate the proliferation of B cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
C)  proliferate rapidly when bound to their specific antigen. 
D)  identify,contact,and destroy invasive organisms.

Question 19

After the initial exposure to a pathogen,subsequent infections with the same pathogen are unlikely because the initial response produced a small population of fast-acting lymphocytes known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After the initial exposure to a pathogen,subsequent...

Question 20

Cytotoxic T cells

Accepted Answer

A)  directly kill viruses. 
B)  kill cells that are infected by viruses. 
C)  cause B cells to proliferate when they are bound to their antigen. 
D)  bind to B cells and then to infected cells. 
A)  directly kill viruses. 
B)  kill cells that are infected by viruses. 
C)  cause B cells to proliferate when they are bound to their antigen. 
D)  bind to B cells and then to infected cells.

Exam 32: The Immune System

Which of the following would explain why organ donors and organ recipients are genetically matched before an organ transplant is performed?

Which of the following immune cells is likely to be the first to encounter the pathogen during a bacterial infection?

Some individuals may share one or more self-antigen components with one another;if so,they are much better candidates for tissue transplants (donor-recipient)than those with no similarities at all.

The immune system can recognize almost all foreign cells because they lack the genetically determined pattern of ________ and ________ found on the plasma membrane of its own cells.

Macrophages are smaller than neutrophils but have a similar function.

Which of the following areas of the human body is NOT the location of a major concentration of white blood cells?

A variety of strategies have been utilized for the preparation of vaccines,but regardless of the method used to prepare it,one feature shared in common by all vaccines is that each contains one or more ________ from the targeted pathogen.

The image below depicts

Which of the following statements about an adaptive response to an invasive single-celled pathogen or virus is FALSE?

An autoimmune disease could occur if

Folklore has produced this advice: "Starve a cold,feed a fever." Based on your knowledge of immune action,how would you evaluate the suggestion of eating less?

The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure of the body's cancer ________ system.

HIV attacks B lymphocytes;this lowers the effectiveness of the antibody-mediated response but leaves cell-mediated immunity entirely intact.

During a major infection a fever often develops.What best explains the origin of this change in body temperature?

The graph below depicts the change in antibody concentration following an initial and a later pathogen exposure. The line labeled with the letter ________ represents the response after the initial exposure.

Vaccinations are required prior to traveling to many foreign locations;the goal of vaccination is to create populations of memory cells,so that any future exposure to the pathogen produces a secondary rather than primary response.

On occasion the immune response in inappropriate;for example,an allergy occurs when the immune system

Helper T cells perform all of the following EXCEPT

After the initial exposure to a pathogen,subsequent infections with the same pathogen are unlikely because the initial response produced a small population of fast-acting lymphocytes known as ________.

Cytotoxic T cells

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The immune system can recognize almost all foreign cells because they lack the genetically determined pattern of and found on the plasma membrane of its own cells.