Question 1

Different genetic versions of a particular pathogen are known as different

Accepted Answer

A)  species. 
B)  strains. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  disease hosts. 
A)  species. 
B)  strains. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  disease hosts.

Question 2

Because the receptors on each T cell and B cell lineage are unique,the receptor is able to bind to only one specific type of

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody. 
B)  neutrophil. 
C)  antigen. 
D)  prostaglandin. 
A)  antibody. 
B)  neutrophil. 
C)  antigen. 
D)  prostaglandin.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the human immune response is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Host cells are never destroyed by macrophages,even if they are damaged. 
B)  Neutrophils mount a specific response to particular species of invading organisms. 
C)  The immune response is more effective during the second exposure to an invader. 
D)  Lymphocytes are one of the components of blood clots. 
A)  Host cells are never destroyed by macrophages,even if they are damaged. 
B)  Neutrophils mount a specific response to particular species of invading organisms. 
C)  The immune response is more effective during the second exposure to an invader. 
D)  Lymphocytes are one of the components of blood clots.

Question 4

Complement proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  kill pathogenic cells directly or mark them for subsequent phagocytosis. 
B)  are the precursor molecules that eventually become antibodies. 
C)  provide a protective covering on healthy cells that redirects any macrophage that may be inappropriately targeting it. 
D)  attach directly to the antigens on the surface of a pathogen. 
A)  kill pathogenic cells directly or mark them for subsequent phagocytosis. 
B)  are the precursor molecules that eventually become antibodies. 
C)  provide a protective covering on healthy cells that redirects any macrophage that may be inappropriately targeting it. 
D)  attach directly to the antigens on the surface of a pathogen.

Question 5

Proteins and carbohydrates on the surface of the cells of disease organisms help the vertebrate immune system recognize the specific invader;these molecules are knows as

Accepted Answer

A)  platelets. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  lymphocytes. 
D)  antibodies. 
A)  platelets. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  lymphocytes. 
D)  antibodies.

Question 6

Prostaglandins are lipid-based signaling molecules produced during an infection;they have a variety of effects that include

Accepted Answer

A)  shutting down the capillaries near a wound. 
B)  stimulating the production and release of histamines. 
C)  attaching to the surface of pathogenic cells as secondary antigens to attract lymphocytes. 
D)  producing the fever,pain,and drowsiness that often accompanies an infection. 
A)  shutting down the capillaries near a wound. 
B)  stimulating the production and release of histamines. 
C)  attaching to the surface of pathogenic cells as secondary antigens to attract lymphocytes. 
D)  producing the fever,pain,and drowsiness that often accompanies an infection.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about infection by HIV,the virus that causes AIDS,is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most AIDS victims go through a period of up to 15 years between infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms. 
B)  In the early part of the infection,cytotoxic T lymphocytes destroy helper T lymphocytes infected by the virus. 
C)  The antigens on the protein coat of the HIV remain the same through time. 
D)  The victim's immune system eventually collapses,and normally harmless infections cause death. 
A)  Most AIDS victims go through a period of up to 15 years between infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms. 
B)  In the early part of the infection,cytotoxic T lymphocytes destroy helper T lymphocytes infected by the virus. 
C)  The antigens on the protein coat of the HIV remain the same through time. 
D)  The victim's immune system eventually collapses,and normally harmless infections cause death.

Question 8

White blood cells (WBCs)have the unusual ability of being able to migrate through capillary walls into the surrounding tissues;why is this ability important?

Accepted Answer

A)  WBCs coordinate the assembly of complement molecules into functional units outside the circulatory system to minimize the potential for clot formation. 
B)  WBCs become the antibodies that target the multicellular parasites that are too large to fit within the vascular system. 
C)  The majority of infections begin in locations other than the circulatory system. 
D)  WBCs leave the circulatory system to collect and return the red blood cells that are lost from the capillary during the inflammatory process. 
A)  WBCs coordinate the assembly of complement molecules into functional units outside the circulatory system to minimize the potential for clot formation. 
B)  WBCs become the antibodies that target the multicellular parasites that are too large to fit within the vascular system. 
C)  The majority of infections begin in locations other than the circulatory system. 
D)  WBCs leave the circulatory system to collect and return the red blood cells that are lost from the capillary during the inflammatory process.

Question 9

All of the following have been associated with disease,but ________ is a vector that introduces the actual pathogen rather than being a pathogen itself and does NOT cause any illness directly.

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterium 
B)  the flea 
C)  a protist 
D)  a virus 
A)  a bacterium 
B)  the flea 
C)  a protist 
D)  a virus

Question 10

The antibodies released by activated B cells specifically target

Accepted Answer

A)  activated cytotoxic T cells,initiating the cloning process. 
B)  the antigen(s)that initially activated the B cell by binding to its receptors. 
C)  any cell lacking the host's self antigen surface markers. 
D)  APCs,stimulating them to display captured antigen and thereby recruit additional lymphocytes. 
A)  activated cytotoxic T cells,initiating the cloning process. 
B)  the antigen(s)that initially activated the B cell by binding to its receptors. 
C)  any cell lacking the host's self antigen surface markers. 
D)  APCs,stimulating them to display captured antigen and thereby recruit additional lymphocytes.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about vaccinations given to humans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The vaccination acts as the first exposure to a virus,allowing the much more effective second exposure response to occur when the virus actually infects the body. 
B)  A vaccination primes the body so that it will no longer respond to an invasion by a virus. 
C)  There is a chance of a person's getting the disease from a vaccination,because vaccination involves the injection of the entire living disease organism. 
D)  Vaccinations prime the virus so that the virus will not kill as many body cells as it would in a nonvaccinated person. 
A)  The vaccination acts as the first exposure to a virus,allowing the much more effective second exposure response to occur when the virus actually infects the body. 
B)  A vaccination primes the body so that it will no longer respond to an invasion by a virus. 
C)  There is a chance of a person's getting the disease from a vaccination,because vaccination involves the injection of the entire living disease organism. 
D)  Vaccinations prime the virus so that the virus will not kill as many body cells as it would in a nonvaccinated person.

Question 12

Lymphocytes are relatively abundant,accounting for approximately 20 percent of all white blood cells;what is their origin?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are produced by the conversion of other white blood cells,like macrophages,during an infectious event. 
B)  They originate in the thymus. 
C)  They are generated in lymph nodes by mitotic division of the cells lining the lymphatic pathway. 
D)  Like all blood cells,they are produced by the division of stem cells in the bone marrow. 
A)  They are produced by the conversion of other white blood cells,like macrophages,during an infectious event. 
B)  They originate in the thymus. 
C)  They are generated in lymph nodes by mitotic division of the cells lining the lymphatic pathway. 
D)  Like all blood cells,they are produced by the division of stem cells in the bone marrow.

Question 13

Macrophages,cells derived from a type of white blood cell that leaves the circulation to reside in the tissues,destroy invading pathogens by phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A lymphocyte is activated when one of its surface receptors binds to a protein found on the surface of a pathogen.These proteins perform essential tasks for the pathogen,but because they can also evoke an immune response they are termed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A lymphocyte is activated when one of...

Question 15

At the site of a wound or cut,platelets combine with proteins in our blood to form

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  prostaglandins. 
D)  clots. 
A)  macrophages. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  prostaglandins. 
D)  clots.

Question 16

At discrete points along the lymphatic ducts the walls are modified to house huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria,viruses,and foreign proteins.These structures are termed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At discrete points along the lymphatic ducts...

Question 17

Each of the five types of white blood cells or leukocytes makes a contribution to the immune response,but the white blood cell that coordinates adaptive immunity,the most critical immune response,is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the five types of white...

Question 18

The body responds to tissue damage by mounting an immediate and coordinated sequence of events called the ________ response.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific immune 
B)  prostaglandin 
C)  inflammatory 
D)  histamine 
A)  specific immune 
B)  prostaglandin 
C)  inflammatory 
D)  histamine

Question 19

The first exposure to a particular antigen initiates a(n)________ immune response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first exposure to a particular antigen...

Question 20

If HIV is allowed to enter the epithelium of the vaginal walls,what is the first level of the immune system it would have to defeat to cause an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  the innate immune system 
B)  humoral immunity 
C)  cell-mediated immunity 
D)  the autoimmune system 
A)  the innate immune system 
B)  humoral immunity 
C)  cell-mediated immunity 
D)  the autoimmune system

Exam 32: The Immune System

Different genetic versions of a particular pathogen are known as different

Because the receptors on each T cell and B cell lineage are unique,the receptor is able to bind to only one specific type of

Which of the following statements about the human immune response is true?

Complement proteins

Proteins and carbohydrates on the surface of the cells of disease organisms help the vertebrate immune system recognize the specific invader;these molecules are knows as

Prostaglandins are lipid-based signaling molecules produced during an infection;they have a variety of effects that include

Which of the following statements about infection by HIV,the virus that causes AIDS,is FALSE?

White blood cells (WBCs)have the unusual ability of being able to migrate through capillary walls into the surrounding tissues;why is this ability important?

All of the following have been associated with disease,but ________ is a vector that introduces the actual pathogen rather than being a pathogen itself and does NOT cause any illness directly.

The antibodies released by activated B cells specifically target

Which of the following statements about vaccinations given to humans is true?

Lymphocytes are relatively abundant,accounting for approximately 20 percent of all white blood cells;what is their origin?

Macrophages,cells derived from a type of white blood cell that leaves the circulation to reside in the tissues,destroy invading pathogens by phagocytosis.

A lymphocyte is activated when one of its surface receptors binds to a protein found on the surface of a pathogen.These proteins perform essential tasks for the pathogen,but because they can also evoke an immune response they are termed ________.

At the site of a wound or cut,platelets combine with proteins in our blood to form

At discrete points along the lymphatic ducts the walls are modified to house huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria,viruses,and foreign proteins.These structures are termed ________.

Each of the five types of white blood cells or leukocytes makes a contribution to the immune response,but the white blood cell that coordinates adaptive immunity,the most critical immune response,is the ________.

The body responds to tissue damage by mounting an immediate and coordinated sequence of events called the ________ response.

The first exposure to a particular antigen initiates a(n)________ immune response.

If HIV is allowed to enter the epithelium of the vaginal walls,what is the first level of the immune system it would have to defeat to cause an infection?

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