Exam 28: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Patients with the respiratory disease emphysema lose the elasticity of their alveoli;their efforts to exhale can collapse the bronchioles and cause the alveoli to rupture.How might this disease affect the carbon dioxide content of their blood?

Examine the table below. Because swimming requires large amounts of ATP and ATP synthesis requires oxygen,which fish is most likely to be the fastest swimmer?

The figure below illustrates the inhalation step of gas exchange in humans. In this figure,which depicts inhalation,the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage are ________.

In comparison to the air in the alveoli,inhaled air has a

Gases diffuse from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration.

Although often drawn symmetrically,the wall of the right ventricle is actually much thinner than that of the left and is able to generate only about one-quarter of the pressure.Why might this still be physiologically acceptable?

Inhaled air reaches the lungs after passing through a paired set of organs,the

If an individual has viral bronchitis,it would be accurate to refer to the condition as an upper-respiratory tract infection.

Blood in a capillary leaving a nearby cell would contain

The thickening of the arterial walls over time elevates blood pressure and helps move the blood more efficiently throughout the body.

Lance Armstrong and a significant group of world-class cyclists have been stripped of their medals and banned from international competition for using the synthetic hormone ________ to enhance their performances.

Oxygen molecules are symmetrically formed and nonpolar,so they dissolve poorly in water;the concentration of oxygen in the air is much greater.

A typical human blood pressure is 120/80.Since the heart is NOT pumping during diastole,how is it possible that the diastolic pressure is as high as 80 rather than falling to 0?

Oxygen molecules are polar and dissolve so poorly in blood plasma that there is NOT enough oxygen to meet the metabolic demands of a vertebrate.However,red blood cells contain ________,which greatly increases the oxygen content of blood.

The figures shows a fragment of a clot separating and moving downstream in the venous system.When the clot encounters a vessel with a diameter smaller than itself it will become lodged and the flow of blood will be blocked.Where is this most likely to happen?

If skin were the gas exchange surface for humans,it would have sufficient surface area to support our need for oxygen.

Why do larger animals depend on an internal transport system (like the circulatory system in mammals)to distribute oxygen when small organisms get along fine without one?

What status would you assign to an individual whose resting blood pressure was consistently 137/78?

Which of the following would have the smallest diameter?

A patient with a low platelet count might be easily fatigued but would have a normal risk for bleeding.