Exam 28: Circulation and Gas Exchange

When red blood cells move through capillaries in single file,the contact area between the two membranes increases and diffusion is improved.

In what way,if any,is the cardiovascular system of humans important to the process of gas exchange?

The lungs of organism A and organism B have surface areas of 1 cm² and 0.5 cm² per kg body weight,respectively.It would be a reasonable hypothesis that the more metabolically active organism is ________.

At altitudes above 10,000 feet the thinner air and reduced concentration of atmospheric gases begin to have an effect on many individuals,who may feel light-headed or nauseated because

During the standard cardiac cycle,blood passes through four different valves.Some newborns suffer from a structural defect that forms an open passage between the atria;what valves would be bypassed in this condition?

How does an actively respiring mitochondrion gain the oxygen it needs to continue its metabolism?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease whose symptoms include failure of the ciliary system that clears trapped dust and bacteria from the respiratory system,resulting in incessant coughing and an inability to exert or exercise.Which respiratory structure is most likely affected?

As a compensation for high altitude,it would be common to observe all of the following EXCEPT an

Gas transport moves oxygen through many locations and fluids,but its ultimate destination is the

What action best describes the action occurring when the rib cage lifts upward and the diaphragm moves downward?

The image below illustrates a fatty plague,the blood clot it initiated,and a severely reduced opening (or lumen)through which the blood must travel.This condition is termed

Unlike aquatic organisms,most terrestrial vertebrate exchange respiratory gases internally using a physiologically complicated respiratory system.What benefits does breathing atmospheric air have relative to extracting dissolved gases from the water?

At any given moment what is the approximate percentage of total blood pumped per minute that enters the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

Which organ connects the pharynx to the bronchi?

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-binding pigments in mammals is INCORRECT?

An injury to the atrioventricular node would produce a heartbeat with some type of irregularity in the contractions of the ventricles.

Considering that oxygen is a polar molecule and that its solubility is inversely proportional to temperature,it is most likely that the habitat with the lowest concentration of oxygen would be

Terrestrial vertebrates use an enclosed internal lung to respire because it helps to control fluid loss,but fish have no such constraints and exchange their gases using pairs of external ________.

The cluster of cells commonly referred to as the "pacemaker" is known to anatomists as the

Although blood plasma carries many electrolytes,nutrients,and other components,the vast majority of plasma is made of ________.