Exam 18: Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

The presence of caffeine,because of its bitter taste,has long been considered a plant defense strategy,yet some coffee and citrus plants produce nectar with caffeine concentrations below the taste threshold of their pollinators,yet high enough to modify the pollinator's learning and memory.What hypothesis best explains this phenomenon?

Non-human species throughout the world are imperiled by habitat loss,climate change,and introduced species,but the greatest threat to biodiversity and the immediate cause of each specific problem,is the rate of human population ________.

Resolving the relationship between the various kingdoms has been challenging because species often resemble one another;for example,the kingdom ________ contains some organisms that are animal-like and others that are plantlike.

No single characteristic is sufficient to describe a kingdom;for example,plants and some bacteria share in common

Cells perform many complex processes;in what way does the membranous compartmentalization seen in eukaryotes aid in these processes?

Mutualistic organisms are more commonly termed parasites.

Although consuming high concentrations of caffeine may be toxic to many insects,consuming low concentrations may actually increase the rate that some pollinators return to those plant species.

What adaptive advantage do the numerous projections shown in the following microphotograph of the foraminiferans,a type of zooplankton confer?

Which protist life strategy is matched with the appropriate nutritional mode?

In comparison to the above-ground fruiting body,or mushroom,the mass of the underground mycelium is

A variety of bacterial or protozoan heterotrophic microorganisms associate symbiotically with specific fungi to produce a lichen.

Some protists can reproduce asexually after having located to favorable living conditions;the most commonly used methods are fragmentation,zoospores,budding,or ________.

Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of special cells called ________.

Imagine the discovery of a previously undescribed nonphotosynthetic multicellular organism.Microscopic examination should verify if its cells ________,and therefore,it should be assigned to the ________ .

Despite both having a cell wall,this adaptation is NOT considered to have been inherited from a common ancestor of the fungi and plants because

Flowers are the organs of reproduction in angiosperms.

The domain Eukarya is presently subdivided into four kingdoms as shown,although new information concerning the protists could increase that number.

Stomata normally open and close throughout the day;however,if unable to close,plant tissues could be damaged as

Mixotrophs show some unusual nutritional strategies;for example,when resources such as nitrogen become limited,they often switch from

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of phloem?