Question 1

Seeds contain the embryos of plants and nutrients to assist with germination and initial growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Biologists hypothesize all of the following advantages for cells of the size typically observed in eukaryotes,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the storage of food. 
B)  a larger selection of potential prey for predatory species. 
C)  improved defensive capabilities against predatory species. 
D)  a decrease in the recovery time between successive reproductive events. 
A)  the storage of food. 
B)  a larger selection of potential prey for predatory species. 
C)  improved defensive capabilities against predatory species. 
D)  a decrease in the recovery time between successive reproductive events.

Question 3

-The organism recorded in this 2.1-billion-year-old fossil is almost certainly a eukaryote;no prokaryote has been observed to be multicellular with such relatively large cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The following evolutionary tree illustrates the hypothesized relationships among the six kingdoms and the three domains.
 
Many biologists have suggested revising the kingdom Protista.One current problem with the protists,as shown in the figure,is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  protists are single-celled organisms and should be in a separate domain. 
B)  the cells of protists contain nuclei and organelles. 
C)  some protists,like the red and green algae,are more closely related to plants than to the other protists they are currently grouped with. 
D)  chlorophyll would need to evolve independently several times to account for the distribution of photosynthetic groups. 
A)  protists are single-celled organisms and should be in a separate domain. 
B)  the cells of protists contain nuclei and organelles. 
C)  some protists,like the red and green algae,are more closely related to plants than to the other protists they are currently grouped with. 
D)  chlorophyll would need to evolve independently several times to account for the distribution of photosynthetic groups.

Question 5

A major evolutionary development first seen in the gymnosperms that both protected the embryo and provided an initial source of nutrition was the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major evolutionary development first seen in...

Question 6

Lignin first appeared in the ferns and their relatives;this adaptation allowed these plants and their descendants to

Accepted Answer

A)  inhabit arid regions such as deserts. 
B)  resist the assault of herbivorous consumers. 
C)  tolerate the anoxic soil conditions in the swamp habitats they occupy. 
D)  grow upward to better access sunlight. 
A)  inhabit arid regions such as deserts. 
B)  resist the assault of herbivorous consumers. 
C)  tolerate the anoxic soil conditions in the swamp habitats they occupy. 
D)  grow upward to better access sunlight.

Question 7

Speculate on the diversity of life on Earth if plants had never evolved.

Accepted Answer

A)  The existence of large multicellular consumers such as animals and fungi would be unlikely. 
B)  No atmospheric oxygen would exist and the cell metabolism used by animals and fungi would not be possible. 
C)  Bacterial life would display a greatly expanded diversity since the competition created by plants would have been absent. 
D)  Photosynthetic species belonging to the fungi and animal kingdoms would surely have evolved. 
A)  The existence of large multicellular consumers such as animals and fungi would be unlikely. 
B)  No atmospheric oxygen would exist and the cell metabolism used by animals and fungi would not be possible. 
C)  Bacterial life would display a greatly expanded diversity since the competition created by plants would have been absent. 
D)  Photosynthetic species belonging to the fungi and animal kingdoms would surely have evolved.

Question 8

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of xylem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xylem is specialized for transporting food molecules such as sugar. 
B)  Xylem is the reinforcing protein that,in combination with cellulose,allows plants to grow vertically. 
C)  Xylem cells open and close to admit carbon dioxide into the leaf during photosynthesis. 
D)  Xylem is specialized for transporting water and dissolved nutrients. 
A)  Xylem is specialized for transporting food molecules such as sugar. 
B)  Xylem is the reinforcing protein that,in combination with cellulose,allows plants to grow vertically. 
C)  Xylem cells open and close to admit carbon dioxide into the leaf during photosynthesis. 
D)  Xylem is specialized for transporting water and dissolved nutrients.

Question 9

The single-celled protists are often mobile and use a variety of propulsive mechanisms,for example,the amoeba move by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudopodia. 
B)  cilia. 
C)  flagella. 
D)  coccoliths. 
A)  pseudopodia. 
B)  cilia. 
C)  flagella. 
D)  coccoliths.

Question 10

Although exceptions exist,reproduction in most eukaryotes involves

Accepted Answer

A)  two individuals combining DNA during the formation of a new organism. 
B)  one individual dividing to make two identical organisms. 
C)  two individuals fusing to form one organism. 
D)  the cells of an individual dividing. 
A)  two individuals combining DNA during the formation of a new organism. 
B)  one individual dividing to make two identical organisms. 
C)  two individuals fusing to form one organism. 
D)  the cells of an individual dividing.

Question 11

On the basis of information presented in the following evolutionary tree,the ciliates are more closely related to the ________ and the ________ than any other protist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On the basis of information presented in...

Question 12

Fertilization is the event occurring when a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  egg and sperm unite to first form a zygote and eventually an embryo. 
B)  pollen tube grows through the style and reaches the ovary. 
C)  pollen grain is transported by wind or insect to the female portion of the plant. 
D)  pollen grain is released from the male portion of the plant. 
A)  egg and sperm unite to first form a zygote and eventually an embryo. 
B)  pollen tube grows through the style and reaches the ovary. 
C)  pollen grain is transported by wind or insect to the female portion of the plant. 
D)  pollen grain is released from the male portion of the plant.

Question 13

What resources do plants use to produce the sugar molecules that plant cells use for fuel?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide,water,and light energy 
B)  water and pond scum 
C)  nitrogen and oxygen 
D)  water,nitrogen,and iron 
A)  carbon dioxide,water,and light energy 
B)  water and pond scum 
C)  nitrogen and oxygen 
D)  water,nitrogen,and iron

Question 14

As the least specialized group of plants,the bryophytes are often characterized by the features they lack;for example,bryophytes do NOT possess

Accepted Answer

A)  a cuticle. 
B)  chlorophyll. 
C)  roots. 
D)  cell walls reinforced with cellulose. 
A)  a cuticle. 
B)  chlorophyll. 
C)  roots. 
D)  cell walls reinforced with cellulose.

Question 15

Eukaryotes display the earliest version of sexual reproduction,whereby

Accepted Answer

A)  separate male and female individuals within the same species mate. 
B)  females of one eukaryotic species mate with males of another eukaryotic species. 
C)  special cells called gametes fuse together to produce a new individual. 
D)  an individual splits into two individuals that then mate with one another. 
A)  separate male and female individuals within the same species mate. 
B)  females of one eukaryotic species mate with males of another eukaryotic species. 
C)  special cells called gametes fuse together to produce a new individual. 
D)  an individual splits into two individuals that then mate with one another.

Question 16

Without the symbiotic association between plant roots and mycorrhizae,the diversity and abundance of both animals and fungi would probably be much less.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Until the evolution of gymnosperms,plants were restricted to moist habitats because the preceding plant groups

Accepted Answer

A)  produced flagellated sperm cells that needed to swim to the egg. 
B)  lacked cuticles. 
C)  produced spores that germinated only in water. 
D)  had not yet evolved stomata,and without them,these early plants could not control water loss. 
A)  produced flagellated sperm cells that needed to swim to the egg. 
B)  lacked cuticles. 
C)  produced spores that germinated only in water. 
D)  had not yet evolved stomata,and without them,these early plants could not control water loss.

Question 18

The defining feature of the angiosperms is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The defining feature of the angiosperms is...

Question 19

The first plant group to evolve a vascular system was the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first plant group to evolve a...

Question 20

Lichen can be useful as pollution indicator species;lacking a cuticle,they tend to readily absorb airborne pollutants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Seeds contain the embryos of plants and nutrients to assist with germination and initial growth.

Biologists hypothesize all of the following advantages for cells of the size typically observed in eukaryotes,EXCEPT

-The organism recorded in this 2.1-billion-year-old fossil is almost certainly a eukaryote;no prokaryote has been observed to be multicellular with such relatively large cells.

The following evolutionary tree illustrates the hypothesized relationships among the six kingdoms and the three domains. Many biologists have suggested revising the kingdom Protista.One current problem with the protists,as shown in the figure,is that:

A major evolutionary development first seen in the gymnosperms that both protected the embryo and provided an initial source of nutrition was the ________.

Lignin first appeared in the ferns and their relatives;this adaptation allowed these plants and their descendants to

Speculate on the diversity of life on Earth if plants had never evolved.

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of xylem?

The single-celled protists are often mobile and use a variety of propulsive mechanisms,for example,the amoeba move by means of

Although exceptions exist,reproduction in most eukaryotes involves

On the basis of information presented in the following evolutionary tree,the ciliates are more closely related to the ________ and the ________ than any other protist.

Fertilization is the event occurring when a(n)

What resources do plants use to produce the sugar molecules that plant cells use for fuel?

As the least specialized group of plants,the bryophytes are often characterized by the features they lack;for example,bryophytes do NOT possess

Eukaryotes display the earliest version of sexual reproduction,whereby

Without the symbiotic association between plant roots and mycorrhizae,the diversity and abundance of both animals and fungi would probably be much less.

Until the evolution of gymnosperms,plants were restricted to moist habitats because the preceding plant groups

The defining feature of the angiosperms is the ________.

The first plant group to evolve a vascular system was the ________.

Lichen can be useful as pollution indicator species;lacking a cuticle,they tend to readily absorb airborne pollutants.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons,Muscles,and Movement

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Filters

On the basis of information presented in the following evolutionary tree,the ciliates are more closely related to the and the than any other protist.