Question 1

How is anthrax spread in animals?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory-droplet where the bacteria is directly transferred 
B) Intimate contact where the bacteria is directly transferred 
C) Drinking contaminated water where the bacteria is directly transferred 
D) Eating plants contaminated with the spores 
A) Respiratory-droplet where the bacteria is directly transferred 
B) Intimate contact where the bacteria is directly transferred 
C) Drinking contaminated water where the bacteria is directly transferred 
D) Eating plants contaminated with the spores

Question 2

One of the foremen at a pig farm notices purple sores on one of his workers.The worker has not been feeling well for the past 2 weeks, so the foreman sends him to the doctor.The doctor takes scrapings from the sores and sends them to the laboratory for a culture and sensitivity.The Gram stain shows 3+ thin, gram-positive rods that have filaments.The culture plates were examined the next day and revealed nonhemolytic, pinpoint, transparent colonies.What is the most likely pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B) Streptococcus pyogenes 
C) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 
D) Rhodococcus 
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B) Streptococcus pyogenes 
C) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 
D) Rhodococcus

Question 3

What Bacillus sp.is a relatively common cause of food poisoning and opportunistic infection in susceptible hosts?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacillus cereus 
B) B.anthracis 
C) B.asteroids 
D) B.pneumoniae 
A) Bacillus cereus 
B) B.anthracis 
C) B.asteroids 
D) B.pneumoniae

Question 4

What organism is a member of the human oropharyngeal flora, but has been isolated from people with endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A) Listeria monocytogenes 
B) Rhodococcus equi 
C) Rothia dentocariosa 
D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
A) Listeria monocytogenes 
B) Rhodococcus equi 
C) Rothia dentocariosa 
D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 5

Which of the following is true about Nocardia spp.?

Accepted Answer

A) These organisms grow well on standard nonselective media. 
B) Growth may take a week or more. 
C) Infections occur in immunocompromised patients. 
D) All of the above. 
A) These organisms grow well on standard nonselective media. 
B) Growth may take a week or more. 
C) Infections occur in immunocompromised patients. 
D) All of the above.

Question 6

The three proteins that make up the anthrax toxin include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) protective antigen. 
B) edema factor. 
C) cellular factor. 
D) lethal factor. 
A) protective antigen. 
B) edema factor. 
C) cellular factor. 
D) lethal factor.

Question 7

What is the name of the Nocardia sp.that most frequently causes a cutaneous infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Nocardia nova 
B) N.brasiliensis 
C) N.asteroides 
D) N.transvalensis 
A) Nocardia nova 
B) N.brasiliensis 
C) N.asteroides 
D) N.transvalensis

Question 8

What form of anthrax is found among animal workers and has been dubbed woolsorter's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Cutaneous 
B) Gastrointestinal 
C) Inhalation 
D) Optical 
A) Cutaneous 
B) Gastrointestinal 
C) Inhalation 
D) Optical

Question 9

What is the name of the genus whose members are called nocardioforms?

Accepted Answer

A) Gordonia 
B) Weimeronia 
C) Rhodococcus 
D) Tsukamurella 
A) Gordonia 
B) Weimeronia 
C) Rhodococcus 
D) Tsukamurella

Question 10

Infections caused by Tsukamurella paurometabola include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) chronic lung infection. 
B) brain abscesses. 
C) knee prosthesis infection. 
D) conjunctivitis. 
A) chronic lung infection. 
B) brain abscesses. 
C) knee prosthesis infection. 
D) conjunctivitis.

Question 11

All of the following are commonly encountered Nocardia spp.except:

Accepted Answer

A) Nocardia asteroides. 
B) N.brasiliensis. 
C) N.transvalensis. 
D) N.nova. 
A) Nocardia asteroides. 
B) N.brasiliensis. 
C) N.transvalensis. 
D) N.nova.

Question 12

What is the name of the group of bacteria that are slightly curved, gram-positive rods often referred to as club-shaped or Chinese letters when viewed in a Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

A) Corynebacterium 
B) Staphylococcus 
C) Neisseria 
D) Listeria 
A) Corynebacterium 
B) Staphylococcus 
C) Neisseria 
D) Listeria

Question 13

What Corynebacterium infects mostly immunocompromised patients?

Accepted Answer

A) C.pseudotuberculosis 
B) C.jeikeium 
C) C.striatum 
D) C.ulcerans 
A) C.pseudotuberculosis 
B) C.jeikeium 
C) C.striatum 
D) C.ulcerans

Question 14

What test is performed to determine if Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a toxigenic strain of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A) Elek test 
B) Schick test 
C) Lancefield group test 
D) Coagulase 
A) Elek test 
B) Schick test 
C) Lancefield group test 
D) Coagulase

Question 15

A young girl is brought to her physician by her mother, who says the child has been very sluggish with a fever of 38° C (100.5° F) for a week.The mother noticed that the child's tonsils were red and that yesterday the back of her throat turned a gray color and looked to have a gray membrane on it.What disease should the physician suspect?

Accepted Answer

A) Strep throat 
B) Tonsillitis 
C) Diphtheria 
D) Scarlet fever 
A) Strep throat 
B) Tonsillitis 
C) Diphtheria 
D) Scarlet fever

Question 16

What is one of the most frequently isolated, clinical significant corynebacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Corynebacterium ulcerans 
B) C.pseudotuberculosis 
C) C.urealyticum 
D) C.diphtheriae 
A) Corynebacterium ulcerans 
B) C.pseudotuberculosis 
C) C.urealyticum 
D) C.diphtheriae

Question 17

What antibiotic, in 2000, was approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for postexposure inhalation anthrax?

Accepted Answer

A) Penicillin 
B) Erythromycin 
C) Cephalosporin 
D) Ciprofloxacin 
A) Penicillin 
B) Erythromycin 
C) Cephalosporin 
D) Ciprofloxacin

Question 18

All the following are general characteristics of the genus Bacillus except:

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic. 
B) gram-positive. 
C) form endospores. 
D) cocci. 
A) aerobic. 
B) gram-positive. 
C) form endospores. 
D) cocci.

Question 19

What organism is responsible for spontaneous abortion and stillborn neonates, and can cause meningitis with a fatality rate approaching 50% in newborns?

Accepted Answer

A) Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
B) Rhodococcus equi 
C) Rothia dentocariosa 
D) Listeria monocytogenes 
A) Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
B) Rhodococcus equi 
C) Rothia dentocariosa 
D) Listeria monocytogenes

Question 20

Why is it extremely important to diagnose infections with Nocardia spp.?

Accepted Answer

A) Antifungal agents do not kill these organisms. 
B) These organisms are resistant to penicillin. 
C) These organisms are susceptible to sulfonamides. 
D) All of the above. 
A) Antifungal agents do not kill these organisms. 
B) These organisms are resistant to penicillin. 
C) These organisms are susceptible to sulfonamides. 
D) All of the above.

Exam 16: Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

How is anthrax spread in animals?

What Bacillus sp.is a relatively common cause of food poisoning and opportunistic infection in susceptible hosts?

What organism is a member of the human oropharyngeal flora, but has been isolated from people with endocarditis?

Which of the following is true about Nocardia spp.?

The three proteins that make up the anthrax toxin include all the following except:

What is the name of the Nocardia sp.that most frequently causes a cutaneous infection?

What form of anthrax is found among animal workers and has been dubbed woolsorter's disease?

What is the name of the genus whose members are called nocardioforms?

Infections caused by Tsukamurella paurometabola include all the following except:

All of the following are commonly encountered Nocardia spp.except:

What is the name of the group of bacteria that are slightly curved, gram-positive rods often referred to as club-shaped or Chinese letters when viewed in a Gram stain?

What Corynebacterium infects mostly immunocompromised patients?

What test is performed to determine if Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a toxigenic strain of an organism?

What is one of the most frequently isolated, clinical significant corynebacteria?

What antibiotic, in 2000, was approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for postexposure inhalation anthrax?

All the following are general characteristics of the genus Bacillus except:

What organism is responsible for spontaneous abortion and stillborn neonates, and can cause meningitis with a fatality rate approaching 50% in newborns?

Why is it extremely important to diagnose infections with Nocardia spp.?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

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