Exam 12: Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems all have what ring in their structure that is responsible for inhibiting the transpeptidation reaction, resulting in bacterial lysis and cell death?

b-Lactamases hydrolyze b-lactam antibiotics using two distinct mechanisms: those having a metallo-based mechanism of action and those with:

A patient undergoes a colon resection.Because of the amount of bacteria present in the colon, the physician put the patient on broad-spectrum antibiotics after surgery.The patient develops a fever 2 days after surgery.He developed an infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).What antibiotics can be used to treat this organism?

Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have an inner cytoplasmic membrane that is composed of:

How do the b-lactamase inhibitors work?

Extended b-lactamases target all the following antibiotics except:

The b-lactam agents consist of all the following antibiotics except:

Which antibiotic interferes with DNA transcription by blocking of RNA chain elongation?

What type of pathogen may demonstrate decreases or loss of porin synthesis in combination with other resistance mechanisms, resulting in multidrug-resistant pathogens?

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes use efflux as an effective mechanism for acquired resistance to:

Resistance to aminoglycosides is mediated by:

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is composed of:

The members of the macrolide class of antibiotics include all the following except:

Intrinsic mechanisms of resistance are:

All of the following antibiotics target the 50S ribosomal subunit to prevent mRNA translation in the bacteria except:

A young, healthy patient goes into the hospital for reconstructive knee surgery and spikes a fever the day after surgery.The doctor finds the patient has a nosocomial infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).What antibiotic should the doctor use to treat this patient?

Antibiotic mechanisms of action target all the following except:

What is the mechanism of action of the glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin)?

Transposons are:

What type of resistance mechanism modifies the antibiotic targets and results in reduced affinity of antibiotics for their microbial targets?