Question 1

Which of the following types of cells are antigen-presenting cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  only eosinophils 
B)  platelets and macrophages 
C)  only macrophages 
D)  only neutrophils 
E)  macrophages and dendritic cells 
A)  only eosinophils 
B)  platelets and macrophages 
C)  only macrophages 
D)  only neutrophils 
E)  macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 2

Lysozymes cause damage to the bacterial

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane 
B)  capsule 
C)  cell wall 
D)  DNA 
E)  ribosomes 
A)  cell membrane 
B)  capsule 
C)  cell wall 
D)  DNA 
E)  ribosomes

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  tonsils and adenoids 
B)  spleen 
C)  appendix 
D)  stomach 
E)  bone marrow 
A)  tonsils and adenoids 
B)  spleen 
C)  appendix 
D)  stomach 
E)  bone marrow

Question 4

An organism found on human skin that derives benefit from but does not harm the host is described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  parasite. 
B)  commensal. 
C)  opportunist. 
D)  pathogen. 
E)  mutualist. 
A)  parasite. 
B)  commensal. 
C)  opportunist. 
D)  pathogen. 
E)  mutualist.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an integral part of the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  dilation of blood vessels 
B)  release of histamines and prostaglandins 
C)  redness 
D)  extravasation 
E)  antibody synthesis 
A)  dilation of blood vessels 
B)  release of histamines and prostaglandins 
C)  redness 
D)  extravasation 
E)  antibody synthesis

Question 6

Which of the following innate immunity mechanisms is mismatched with its associated structure or body fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme-tears 
B)  mucociliary elevator-intestines 
C)  highly acidic pH-stomach 
D)  acidic pH, sebum, salinity-skin 
E)  low pH-urogenital tract 
A)  lysozyme-tears 
B)  mucociliary elevator-intestines 
C)  highly acidic pH-stomach 
D)  acidic pH, sebum, salinity-skin 
E)  low pH-urogenital tract

Question 7

Which of the following cell types would most likely be elevated in a viral infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  eosinophils 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  basophils 
D)  platelets 
E)  complement 
A)  eosinophils 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  basophils 
D)  platelets 
E)  complement

Question 8

What explains the ability of Helicobacter pylori to defy stomach acidity?

Accepted Answer

H. pylori produces ureases, which genera

Question 9

Which of the following is correct regarding inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cardinal signs include rash. 
B)  Some of the phagocytes are stimulated to secrete antibodies specific for the invading pathogen. 
C)  There is increased blood volume. 
D)  Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells occurs at the site of infection. 
E)  AIDS patients have little or no inflammatory responses when they are infected. 
A)  The cardinal signs include rash. 
B)  Some of the phagocytes are stimulated to secrete antibodies specific for the invading pathogen. 
C)  There is increased blood volume. 
D)  Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells occurs at the site of infection. 
E)  AIDS patients have little or no inflammatory responses when they are infected.

Question 10

Which factor does NOT account for the hygiene hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to animals 
B)  caves 
C)  soap 
D)  bugs 
E)  feces 
A)  exposure to animals 
B)  caves 
C)  soap 
D)  bugs 
E)  feces

Question 11

IFN-gamma protects the host by

Accepted Answer

A)  inducing dsRNA endonucleases. 
B)  interfering directly with viral replication. 
C)  having an immunomodulatory role. 
D)  inducing fever at the hypothalamus. 
E)  blocking adhesion of pathogens. 
A)  inducing dsRNA endonucleases. 
B)  interfering directly with viral replication. 
C)  having an immunomodulatory role. 
D)  inducing fever at the hypothalamus. 
E)  blocking adhesion of pathogens.

Question 12

Toll-like receptors are eukaryotic membrane proteins that bind with bacterial surface molecules and

Accepted Answer

A)  form channels through which bacterial proteins can enter the eukaryotic cell. 
B)  cause the cell to phagocytize the bacteria. 
C)  cause the release of antibiotics to kill the bacteria. 
D)  cause the release of cytokines that trigger host defenses against the bacteria. 
E)  activate the complement cascade. 
A)  form channels through which bacterial proteins can enter the eukaryotic cell. 
B)  cause the cell to phagocytize the bacteria. 
C)  cause the release of antibiotics to kill the bacteria. 
D)  cause the release of cytokines that trigger host defenses against the bacteria. 
E)  activate the complement cascade.

Question 13

Which of the following creates a channel in target cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement 
B)  defensins 
C)  natural killer cells 
D)  complement and defensins 
E)  complement, defensins, and natural killer cells 
A)  complement 
B)  defensins 
C)  natural killer cells 
D)  complement and defensins 
E)  complement, defensins, and natural killer cells

Question 14

Why are healthy individuals usually "immune" to cholera, whereas malnourished individuals are not?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of

Question 15

Is it correct to state that bacteria introduced through a skin cut will most likely be engulfed by Langerhans cells?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans cells are resident phagocytic

Question 16

The major phagocytic cells in the body are

Accepted Answer

A)  T and B lymphocytes. 
B)  basophils and eosinophils. 
C)  erythrocytes and platelets. 
D)  neutrophils and macrophages. 
E)  epithelial cells and cilia. 
A)  T and B lymphocytes. 
B)  basophils and eosinophils. 
C)  erythrocytes and platelets. 
D)  neutrophils and macrophages. 
E)  epithelial cells and cilia.

Question 17

The membrane attack complex, or MAC, kills Gram-negative bacteria through

Accepted Answer

A)  opsonization. 
B)  dissolving the cell wall. 
C)  the lectin pathway. 
D)  creating a pore on the bacterial membranes. 
E)  antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, or ADCC. 
A)  opsonization. 
B)  dissolving the cell wall. 
C)  the lectin pathway. 
D)  creating a pore on the bacterial membranes. 
E)  antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, or ADCC.

Question 18

Defensins are short cationic peptides that

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced by skin, GI-tract, and lung cells for defense when stimulated. 
B)  bind to specific protein receptors to gain entry into microbial cells. 
C)  are only produced by phagocytes upon activation. 
D)  inhibit microbial DNA synthesis. 
E)  are equally effective at killing eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 
A)  are produced by skin, GI-tract, and lung cells for defense when stimulated. 
B)  bind to specific protein receptors to gain entry into microbial cells. 
C)  are only produced by phagocytes upon activation. 
D)  inhibit microbial DNA synthesis. 
E)  are equally effective at killing eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Question 19

Which condition is NOT related to obesity?

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes 
B)  cardiovascular disease 
C)  cancer 
D)  nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 
E)  alcoholism 
A)  diabetes 
B)  cardiovascular disease 
C)  cancer 
D)  nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 
E)  alcoholism

Question 20

In cystic fibrosis, a mutation has rendered the receptor for binding and inactivating Pseudomonas defective. The affected gene is the CFTR. The CFTR gene product is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  plasma membrane. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  phagosome. 
A)  cytosol. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  plasma membrane. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  phagosome.

Exam 23: Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

Which of the following types of cells are antigen-presenting cells?

Lysozymes cause damage to the bacterial

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ?

An organism found on human skin that derives benefit from but does not harm the host is described as a(n)

Which of the following is NOT an integral part of the inflammatory process?

Which of the following innate immunity mechanisms is mismatched with its associated structure or body fluid?

Which of the following cell types would most likely be elevated in a viral infection?

What explains the ability of Helicobacter pylori to defy stomach acidity?

Which of the following is correct regarding inflammation?

Which factor does NOT account for the hygiene hypothesis?

IFN-gamma protects the host by

Toll-like receptors are eukaryotic membrane proteins that bind with bacterial surface molecules and

Which of the following creates a channel in target cell membranes?

Why are healthy individuals usually "immune" to cholera, whereas malnourished individuals are not?

Is it correct to state that bacteria introduced through a skin cut will most likely be engulfed by Langerhans cells?

The major phagocytic cells in the body are

The membrane attack complex, or MAC, kills Gram-negative bacteria through

Defensins are short cationic peptides that

Which condition is NOT related to obesity?

In cystic fibrosis, a mutation has rendered the receptor for binding and inactivating Pseudomonas defective. The affected gene is the CFTR. The CFTR gene product is located in the

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