Question 1

What are choanoflagellates and what is their importance in evolutionary studies?

Accepted Answer

Choanoflagellates are protists that alte

Question 2

Amanita phalloides makes a-amanitin, a dangerous toxin that can be used in the laboratory for studies in molecular biology. What enzyme is inhibited by a-amanitin?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase II 
B)  [H+]-ATPase 
C)  DNA polymerase III 
D)  gyrase 
E)  [Na+/K+]-ATPase 
A)  RNA polymerase II 
B)  [H+]-ATPase 
C)  DNA polymerase III 
D)  gyrase 
E)  [Na+/K+]-ATPase

Question 3

New and emerging drug therapy targets for Plasmodium falciparum include

Accepted Answer

A)  spore-release inhibitors. 
B)  uncoupling agents. 
C)  conjugation inhibitors. 
D)  hemoglobin protease inhibitors. 
E)  cilia inhibitors. 
A)  spore-release inhibitors. 
B)  uncoupling agents. 
C)  conjugation inhibitors. 
D)  hemoglobin protease inhibitors. 
E)  cilia inhibitors.

Question 4

Encephalitozoon intestinalis is an organism classified as a Microsporidia. It is of clinical importance because it

Accepted Answer

A)  causes severe allergic reactions in some people. 
B)  causes trypanosomiasis. 
C)  causes ringworm infections. 
D)  is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. 
E)  infects catheters by producing biofilms. 
A)  causes severe allergic reactions in some people. 
B)  causes trypanosomiasis. 
C)  causes ringworm infections. 
D)  is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. 
E)  infects catheters by producing biofilms.

Question 5

The protozoa were considered to be microscopic animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are bigger than bacteria. 
B)  of their capacity to cause disease. 
C)  of their ability to move. 
D)  some have proteinaceous cell walls. 
E)  some reproduce through conjugation. 
A)  they are bigger than bacteria. 
B)  of their capacity to cause disease. 
C)  of their ability to move. 
D)  some have proteinaceous cell walls. 
E)  some reproduce through conjugation.

Question 6

Briefly describe the life cycle of Ascomyta and describe three ascomycetes that have been used in science or in the culinary arts.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.
The life cycle in asc

Question 7

Leishmania major causes a skin infection that can then disseminate to internal organs and is transmitted to a human host by

Accepted Answer

A)  drinking contaminated water. 
B)  eating undercooked meat harboring the organism. 
C)  skin contact with someone carrying the disease. 
D)  bites from infected sand flies. 
E)  sexual transmission. 
A)  drinking contaminated water. 
B)  eating undercooked meat harboring the organism. 
C)  skin contact with someone carrying the disease. 
D)  bites from infected sand flies. 
E)  sexual transmission.

Question 8

Which group has the widest range of form but the least diversity in terms of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses 
E)  prokaryotes 
A)  archaea 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses 
E)  prokaryotes

Question 9

One of the smallest eukaryotes recently discovered, the green alga Ostreococcus tauri, measures less than ________ across and its genome (8 Mb) is ________ the size of that of Escherichia coli.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 mm; barely twice 
B)  500 nm; half 
C)  10 mm; about 
D)  1 mm; three times 
E)  100 mm; five times 
A)  2 mm; barely twice 
B)  500 nm; half 
C)  10 mm; about 
D)  1 mm; three times 
E)  100 mm; five times

Question 10

Why are sponges, jellyfish, worms, reptiles, humans, yeast, and microsporidia placed in the same eukaryotic clade?

Accepted Answer

Despite their inherent structural and fu

Question 11

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypanosoma brucei-sleeping sickness 
B)  Trypanosoma cruzi-Chagas disease 
C)  Balantidium coli-gastric ulcers 
D)  Entameba histolytica-amebiasis 
E)  Plasmodium falciparum-malaria 
A)  Trypanosoma brucei-sleeping sickness 
B)  Trypanosoma cruzi-Chagas disease 
C)  Balantidium coli-gastric ulcers 
D)  Entameba histolytica-amebiasis 
E)  Plasmodium falciparum-malaria

Question 12

The following are characteristics of primary algae EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  they are CO₂-fixing producers. 
B)  they all are single-celled organisms. 
C)  they have a cell wall made up of glycoprotein or cellulose. 
D)  chloroplasts are the result of a single endosymbiotic event. 
E)  they include the major clades Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. 
A)  they are CO₂-fixing producers. 
B)  they all are single-celled organisms. 
C)  they have a cell wall made up of glycoprotein or cellulose. 
D)  chloroplasts are the result of a single endosymbiotic event. 
E)  they include the major clades Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta.

Question 13

Organisms in the ________ clade have lost their mitochondria through the process of reductive (degenerative) evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolata 
B)  Heterokonta 
C)  Opisthokonta 
D)  Metamonada 
E)  Discoba 
A)  Alveolata 
B)  Heterokonta 
C)  Opisthokonta 
D)  Metamonada 
E)  Discoba

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding pseudopods is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The term "pseudopods" means "false feet." 
B)  Amoebozoa have lobe-shaped pseudopods. 
C)  Lamellar pseudopods of amebas are similar to those generated by human leukocytes. 
D)  Needlelike pseudopods are thin extensions reinforced by myosin polymers. 
E)  The tip of a pseudopod contains a gel of polymerized actin beneath its cell membrane. 
A)  The term "pseudopods" means "false feet." 
B)  Amoebozoa have lobe-shaped pseudopods. 
C)  Lamellar pseudopods of amebas are similar to those generated by human leukocytes. 
D)  Needlelike pseudopods are thin extensions reinforced by myosin polymers. 
E)  The tip of a pseudopod contains a gel of polymerized actin beneath its cell membrane.

Question 15

Physarum polycephalum is a type of plasmodial slime mold that can be seen as a yellow mass growing on decaying wood. This organism produces

Accepted Answer

A)  a fruiting body in which individual cells remain unicellular. 
B)  no fruiting bodies and no spore formations. 
C)  a giant multinucleated cell that produces fruiting bodies. 
D)  fruiting bodies within a calcified shell structure. 
E)  no fruiting bodies and spores that move using pseudopodia. 
A)  a fruiting body in which individual cells remain unicellular. 
B)  no fruiting bodies and no spore formations. 
C)  a giant multinucleated cell that produces fruiting bodies. 
D)  fruiting bodies within a calcified shell structure. 
E)  no fruiting bodies and spores that move using pseudopodia.

Question 16

What type of metabolism do eukaryotes conduct?

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophy only 
B)  oxygenic photosynthesis only 
C)  oxygenic photosynthesis, heterotrophy, or both 
D)  ethanolic fermentation 
E)  mixed fermentation 
A)  heterotrophy only 
B)  oxygenic photosynthesis only 
C)  oxygenic photosynthesis, heterotrophy, or both 
D)  ethanolic fermentation 
E)  mixed fermentation

Question 17

In the figure below, the letters A, B, and C represent the formation of Giardia intestinalis dormant cysts from trophozoites and back. Briefly describe the structure and life cycle of G. intestinalis. What conditions lead to the formation of the cyst?

Accepted Answer

The parasite Giardia intestinalis (=G. l

Question 18

What are nanoeukaryotes and how has their discovery changed our understanding of biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.
Nanoeukaryotes are ne

Question 19

Some rhodophyta, or red algae, appear red due to the presence of the pigment

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll. 
B)  chlorophyll 
C)  phycocyanin. 
D)  phycoerythrin. 
E)  anthocyanin. 
A)  chlorophyll. 
B)  chlorophyll 
C)  phycocyanin. 
D)  phycoerythrin. 
E)  anthocyanin.

Question 20

Trypanosomes are a group of organisms that share which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  free-living aquatic parasites, round cell, no flagellum 
B)  intestinal parasites, shelled cell structure with pseudopodia 
C)  opportunistic parasites, multicellular with paired flagellum and apicoplast 
D)  obligate parasites, elongated cell with single flagellum and a kinetoplast 
E)  anaerobic parasites, single cellular structure with cilia 
A)  free-living aquatic parasites, round cell, no flagellum 
B)  intestinal parasites, shelled cell structure with pseudopodia 
C)  opportunistic parasites, multicellular with paired flagellum and apicoplast 
D)  obligate parasites, elongated cell with single flagellum and a kinetoplast 
E)  anaerobic parasites, single cellular structure with cilia

Exam 20: Eukaryotic Diversity

What are choanoflagellates and what is their importance in evolutionary studies?

Amanita phalloides makes a-amanitin, a dangerous toxin that can be used in the laboratory for studies in molecular biology. What enzyme is inhibited by a-amanitin?

New and emerging drug therapy targets for Plasmodium falciparum include

Encephalitozoon intestinalis is an organism classified as a Microsporidia. It is of clinical importance because it

The protozoa were considered to be microscopic animals because

Briefly describe the life cycle of Ascomyta and describe three ascomycetes that have been used in science or in the culinary arts.

Leishmania major causes a skin infection that can then disseminate to internal organs and is transmitted to a human host by

Which group has the widest range of form but the least diversity in terms of metabolism?

One of the smallest eukaryotes recently discovered, the green alga Ostreococcus tauri, measures less than ________ across and its genome (8 Mb) is ________ the size of that of Escherichia coli.

Why are sponges, jellyfish, worms, reptiles, humans, yeast, and microsporidia placed in the same eukaryotic clade?

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

The following are characteristics of primary algae EXCEPT that

Organisms in the ________ clade have lost their mitochondria through the process of reductive (degenerative) evolution.

Which of the following statements regarding pseudopods is NOT correct?

Physarum polycephalum is a type of plasmodial slime mold that can be seen as a yellow mass growing on decaying wood. This organism produces

What type of metabolism do eukaryotes conduct?

In the figure below, the letters A, B, and C represent the formation of Giardia intestinalis dormant cysts from trophozoites and back. Briefly describe the structure and life cycle of G. intestinalis. What conditions lead to the formation of the cyst?

What are nanoeukaryotes and how has their discovery changed our understanding of biological systems?

Some rhodophyta, or red algae, appear red due to the presence of the pigment

Trypanosomes are a group of organisms that share which of the following characteristics?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

One of the smallest eukaryotes recently discovered, the green alga Ostreococcus tauri, measures less than across and its genome (8 Mb) is the size of that of Escherichia coli.