Question 1

How could nitrifiers be utilized in treatment of wastewater?

Accepted Answer

Nitrifiers oxidize ammonia to

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT correct about the outer membrane of Gram-negative proteobacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has receptor proteins and porins. 
B)  In pathogens, lipopolysaccharide facilitates phagocytosis. 
C)  Lipopolysaccharide is toxic when released by dying cells. 
D)  It is a lipid bilayer membrane. 
E)  Lipopolysaccharide is absent in the cytoplasmic membrane. 
A)  It has receptor proteins and porins. 
B)  In pathogens, lipopolysaccharide facilitates phagocytosis. 
C)  Lipopolysaccharide is toxic when released by dying cells. 
D)  It is a lipid bilayer membrane. 
E)  Lipopolysaccharide is absent in the cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa may form ________ in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcinae 
B)  filaments 
C)  biofilms 
D)  cysts 
E)  capsules 
A)  sarcinae 
B)  filaments 
C)  biofilms 
D)  cysts 
E)  capsules

Question 4

Which is NOT a typical characteristic of Verrucomicrobia?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain a cytoskeleton made from tubulin. 
B)  They are oligotrophic. 
C)  They are rarely cultured. 
D)  They appear to have acquired genes through horizontal transfer from eukaryotes. 
E)  They are obligate intracellular parasites. 
A)  They contain a cytoskeleton made from tubulin. 
B)  They are oligotrophic. 
C)  They are rarely cultured. 
D)  They appear to have acquired genes through horizontal transfer from eukaryotes. 
E)  They are obligate intracellular parasites.

Question 5

Photoheterotrophs absorb light for energy, but do NOT typically

Accepted Answer

A)  produce endospores. 
B)  generate biomass from carbohydrates. 
C)  fix nitrogen. 
D)  fix carbon dioxide. 
E)  grow oligotrophically. 
A)  produce endospores. 
B)  generate biomass from carbohydrates. 
C)  fix nitrogen. 
D)  fix carbon dioxide. 
E)  grow oligotrophically.

Question 6

Corynebacterium species have a particular type of cell division that can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  "half-snapping." 
B)  the formation of reticulate bodies. 
C)  the formation of a forespore and a mother cell. 
D)  stalking. 
E)  "live birth." 
A)  "half-snapping." 
B)  the formation of reticulate bodies. 
C)  the formation of a forespore and a mother cell. 
D)  stalking. 
E)  "live birth."

Question 7

Which phylum of deep-branching Gram-negative bacteria are often found in dental plaques?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aquificae 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Acidobacteria 
D)  Fusobacteria 
E)  Chlorobi 
A)  Aquificae 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Acidobacteria 
D)  Fusobacteria 
E)  Chlorobi

Question 8

Which of the following is an extremophile?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus alkalophilus 
B)  Bacillus thuringiensis 
C)  Bacillus subtilis 
D)  Clostridium botulinum 
E)  Clostridium tetani 
A)  Bacillus alkalophilus 
B)  Bacillus thuringiensis 
C)  Bacillus subtilis 
D)  Clostridium botulinum 
E)  Clostridium tetani

Question 9

Where do Chromatium cells store sulfur?

Accepted Answer

A)  in cytoplasmic granules 
B)  in periplasmic granules 
C)  in attached sulfur globules 
D)  in their immediate environment 
E)  in cytoplasmic vacuoles 
A)  in cytoplasmic granules 
B)  in periplasmic granules 
C)  in attached sulfur globules 
D)  in their immediate environment 
E)  in cytoplasmic vacuoles

Question 10

In sewage-treatment systems, nitrifiers such as ________ are used to decrease the reduced nitrogen content.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis 
B)  Thiobacillus spp. 
C)  Nitrosomonas, Nitrosolobus, and Nitrosovibrio 
D)  Escherichia spp. 
E)  Helicobacter and Campylobacter 
A)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis 
B)  Thiobacillus spp. 
C)  Nitrosomonas, Nitrosolobus, and Nitrosovibrio 
D)  Escherichia spp. 
E)  Helicobacter and Campylobacter

Question 11

Which genus within the spirochetes includes the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treponema 
B)  Holandina 
C)  Leptospira 
D)  Borrelia 
E)  Spirochaeta 
A)  Treponema 
B)  Holandina 
C)  Leptospira 
D)  Borrelia 
E)  Spirochaeta

Question 12

The firmicutes ________ are the only known phototrophs that produce endospores.

Accepted Answer

A)  actinomycetales 
B)  bacillales 
C)  clostridiales 
D)  heliobacteriaceae 
E)  cyanobacteria 
A)  actinomycetales 
B)  bacillales 
C)  clostridiales 
D)  heliobacteriaceae 
E)  cyanobacteria

Question 13

Describe the photosynthetic machinery of cyanobacteria.

Accepted Answer

Cyanobacteria commonly appear green beca

Question 14

After reading the news of an E. coli threat in the community, your family and friends ask you, "Is E. coli a pathogen?" What would you answer?

Accepted Answer

Some strains of E. coli grow normally in

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the life cycle of Chlamydia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elementary bodies are taken up by the host cells via endocytosis. 
B)  Reticulate bodies differentiate from elementary bodies outside the host cell. 
C)  A reticulate body may persist in the host cell for long periods. 
D)  Reticulate bodies replicate and develop into elementary bodies. 
E)  Elementary bodies are metabolically inert with a compacted chromosome, resembling spores. 
A)  Elementary bodies are taken up by the host cells via endocytosis. 
B)  Reticulate bodies differentiate from elementary bodies outside the host cell. 
C)  A reticulate body may persist in the host cell for long periods. 
D)  Reticulate bodies replicate and develop into elementary bodies. 
E)  Elementary bodies are metabolically inert with a compacted chromosome, resembling spores.

Question 16

Which phylum contains the purple bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  proteobacteria 
C)  actinobacteria 
D)  fusobacteria 
E)  firmicutes 
A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  proteobacteria 
C)  actinobacteria 
D)  fusobacteria 
E)  firmicutes

Question 17

What distinguishes bacterial cell walls from those in archaea and eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Most bacterial cells possess a cell wall

Question 18

Bacteria in the genus Nitrospira

Accepted Answer

A)  are Gram-negative, true lithotrophs or autotrophs. 
B)  possess carboxysomes, where they fix carbon dioxide or carbonate. 
C)  remove excess nitrite in aquatic ecosystems. 
D)  form symbiotic associations with other bacteria. 
E)  are generally found in freshwater or salt water. 
A)  are Gram-negative, true lithotrophs or autotrophs. 
B)  possess carboxysomes, where they fix carbon dioxide or carbonate. 
C)  remove excess nitrite in aquatic ecosystems. 
D)  form symbiotic associations with other bacteria. 
E)  are generally found in freshwater or salt water.

Question 19

In order to learn what makes proteins stable in thermophilic bacteria, how should the amino acids or motifs that are involved in conferring thermostability to proteins be explored?

Accepted Answer

Thermostability of proteins can be deter

Question 20

Describe the cell wall of Verrucomicrobia. How could these organisms have acquired this trait?

Accepted Answer

Verrucomicrobia have peptidoglycan cell

Exam 18: Bacterial Diversity

How could nitrifiers be utilized in treatment of wastewater?

Which of the following is NOT correct about the outer membrane of Gram-negative proteobacterial cell wall?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa may form ________ in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.

Which is NOT a typical characteristic of Verrucomicrobia?

Photoheterotrophs absorb light for energy, but do NOT typically

Corynebacterium species have a particular type of cell division that can be described as

Which phylum of deep-branching Gram-negative bacteria are often found in dental plaques?

Which of the following is an extremophile?

Where do Chromatium cells store sulfur?

In sewage-treatment systems, nitrifiers such as ________ are used to decrease the reduced nitrogen content.

Which genus within the spirochetes includes the causative agent of Lyme disease?

The firmicutes ________ are the only known phototrophs that produce endospores.

Describe the photosynthetic machinery of cyanobacteria.

After reading the news of an E. coli threat in the community, your family and friends ask you, "Is E. coli a pathogen?" What would you answer?

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the life cycle of Chlamydia?

Which phylum contains the purple bacteria?

What distinguishes bacterial cell walls from those in archaea and eukarya?

Bacteria in the genus Nitrospira

In order to learn what makes proteins stable in thermophilic bacteria, how should the amino acids or motifs that are involved in conferring thermostability to proteins be explored?

Describe the cell wall of Verrucomicrobia. How could these organisms have acquired this trait?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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