Question 1

A trait that differentiates all Firmicutes from Actinobacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram stain character. 
B)  GC content. 
C)  oxygen requirements. 
D)  pathogenicity. 
E)  genome size. 
A)  Gram stain character. 
B)  GC content. 
C)  oxygen requirements. 
D)  pathogenicity. 
E)  genome size.

Question 2

What is unique about the genome of Borrelia species?

Accepted Answer

Borrelia species have multipartite genom

Question 3

Chlamydiae, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia share which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  oligotrophy 
B)  intracellular compartmentalization 
C)  phototrophy 
D)  diminished or no cell walls 
E)  endospore formation 
A)  oligotrophy 
B)  intracellular compartmentalization 
C)  phototrophy 
D)  diminished or no cell walls 
E)  endospore formation

Question 4

Describe the lifestyle and development of Streptomyces mycelia.

Accepted Answer

When a Streptomyces spore germinates, it

Question 5

Which of the following is pathogenic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium smegmatis 
B)  Blastochloris viridis 
C)  Leptospirillum spp. 
D)  Acidithibacillus ferrooxidans 
E)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
A)  Mycobacterium smegmatis 
B)  Blastochloris viridis 
C)  Leptospirillum spp. 
D)  Acidithibacillus ferrooxidans 
E)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT correct about myxobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myxobacterial fruiting bodies are similar to those of the eukaryotic slime molds. 
B)  Under nutrient scarcity, their cells attract each other and form fruiting bodies. 
C)  They are aquatic and live as commensals on fish scales. 
D)  They lack flagella and move along surfaces using a form of motility called gliding. 
E)  With up to 12.6 Mbp, their genomes are exceptionally large. 
A)  Myxobacterial fruiting bodies are similar to those of the eukaryotic slime molds. 
B)  Under nutrient scarcity, their cells attract each other and form fruiting bodies. 
C)  They are aquatic and live as commensals on fish scales. 
D)  They lack flagella and move along surfaces using a form of motility called gliding. 
E)  With up to 12.6 Mbp, their genomes are exceptionally large.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT correct about the sulfur lithotrophic genus Beggiatoa?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterial genus. 
B)  It oxidizes H₂S to S0. 
C)  It stores S0 in cytoplasmic granules. 
D)  It stores polyhydroxybutyrate. 
E)  It grows as extended filaments. 
A)  It is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterial genus. 
B)  It oxidizes H₂S to S0. 
C)  It stores S0 in cytoplasmic granules. 
D)  It stores polyhydroxybutyrate. 
E)  It grows as extended filaments.

Question 8

Some Gram-negative bacteria branch more deeply from the proteobacteria than the five Greek-lettered classes do from each other. Which phyla listed below is deep-branching Gram-negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thermotogo 
B)  Aquifex 
C)  Flavobacteria 
D)  Protobacteria 
E)  Chlorobi 
A)  Thermotogo 
B)  Aquifex 
C)  Flavobacteria 
D)  Protobacteria 
E)  Chlorobi

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT correct about microorganisms in the phylum Thermotogae?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are bacterial thermophiles. 
B)  Archaeal genes have been transferred horizontally to them. 
C)  They have mosaic genomes. 
D)  They are bacteria with sheath-like outer structures. 
E)  They are aerobic heterotrophs. 
A)  They are bacterial thermophiles. 
B)  Archaeal genes have been transferred horizontally to them. 
C)  They have mosaic genomes. 
D)  They are bacteria with sheath-like outer structures. 
E)  They are aerobic heterotrophs.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT correct about the non-spore-forming firmicutes?

Accepted Answer

A)  This group includes lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. 
B)  They include the mycoplasmas, which possess cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan. 
C)  Food spoilers such as Leuconostoc and Pediococcus belong to this group. 
D)  They may have evolved from endospore-forming bacteria. 
E)  Listeria species include enteric pathogens that contaminate cheese and sauerkraut. 
A)  This group includes lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. 
B)  They include the mycoplasmas, which possess cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan. 
C)  Food spoilers such as Leuconostoc and Pediococcus belong to this group. 
D)  They may have evolved from endospore-forming bacteria. 
E)  Listeria species include enteric pathogens that contaminate cheese and sauerkraut.

Question 11

Dehalobacter restrictus could be used in bioremediation because it

Accepted Answer

A)  respires by donating electrons to Cl atoms in tetrachloroethene, used in dry cleaning. 
B)  is an anaerobe that quickly digests plastics in landfills. 
C)  catabolizes aromatic compounds by reductive degradation. 
D)  removes salt from salt marshes. 
E)  is not applicable for use in bioremediation. 
A)  respires by donating electrons to Cl atoms in tetrachloroethene, used in dry cleaning. 
B)  is an anaerobe that quickly digests plastics in landfills. 
C)  catabolizes aromatic compounds by reductive degradation. 
D)  removes salt from salt marshes. 
E)  is not applicable for use in bioremediation.

Question 12

What are oligotrophs? Provide two examples of oligotrophic bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Oligotrophs are organisms adapted to ext

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to the mycoplasmas?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have lost their cell wall and the S-layer through reductive evolution. 
B)  Their cells maintain their shape through a type of cytoskeleton. 
C)  When cultured on agar, their colonies have a "fried-egg" shape. 
D)  They are parasites of all kinds of multicellular organisms. 
E)  They have some of the largest bacterial genomes. 
A)  They have lost their cell wall and the S-layer through reductive evolution. 
B)  Their cells maintain their shape through a type of cytoskeleton. 
C)  When cultured on agar, their colonies have a "fried-egg" shape. 
D)  They are parasites of all kinds of multicellular organisms. 
E)  They have some of the largest bacterial genomes.

Question 14

Why is it that the deep-branching thermophiles may appear to have diverged from other bacteria earlier than they actually did?

Accepted Answer

These organisms tend to have a very high

Question 15

The following figure represents the life cycle of which bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  clostridiales 
B)  verrucomicrobia 
C)  Streptomyces 
D)  myxobacteria 
E)  cyanobacteria 
A)  clostridiales 
B)  verrucomicrobia 
C)  Streptomyces 
D)  myxobacteria 
E)  cyanobacteria

Question 16

Discuss the chemical nature of mycolic acids and some of the traits they confer to organisms that possess them.

Accepted Answer

Mycolic acids are a diverse class of sug

Question 17

Dehalobacter restrictus conducts anaerobic respiration by

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing aromatic rings of lignin-derived compounds. 
B)  donating electrons to Fe3+, converting it to Fe2+ in mine ores. 
C)  donating electrons to Cl atoms, effectively performing dechlorination. 
D)  donating electrons to NO3-, yielding NO₂-. 
E)  donating electrons to SO₄2-, yielding HS-. 
A)  reducing aromatic rings of lignin-derived compounds. 
B)  donating electrons to Fe3+, converting it to Fe2+ in mine ores. 
C)  donating electrons to Cl atoms, effectively performing dechlorination. 
D)  donating electrons to NO3-, yielding NO₂-. 
E)  donating electrons to SO₄2-, yielding HS-.

Question 18

Bacteria in the genera ________ produce durable endospores that remain viable for millennia.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carboxydothermus and Listeri 
B)  Lactobacillus and Streptococcus 
C)  Bacillus and Clostridium 
D)  Oscillatoria and Anabaena 
E)  Rickettsia and Chromatium 
A)  Carboxydothermus and Listeri 
B)  Lactobacillus and Streptococcus 
C)  Bacillus and Clostridium 
D)  Oscillatoria and Anabaena 
E)  Rickettsia and Chromatium

Question 19

Which of the following species of Bacillus produces a biological insecticide?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. subtilis 
B)  B. anthracis 
C)  B. thuringiensis 
D)  B. thermophilus 
E)  B. halodurans 
A)  B. subtilis 
B)  B. anthracis 
C)  B. thuringiensis 
D)  B. thermophilus 
E)  B. halodurans

Question 20

Which of the following have multipartite genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Borrelia spp. 
B)  Escherichia spp. 
C)  Bacillus spp. 
D)  Chlamydia spp. 
E)  Mycobacterium spp. 
A)  Borrelia spp. 
B)  Escherichia spp. 
C)  Bacillus spp. 
D)  Chlamydia spp. 
E)  Mycobacterium spp.

Exam 18: Bacterial Diversity

A trait that differentiates all Firmicutes from Actinobacteria is

What is unique about the genome of Borrelia species?

Chlamydiae, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia share which of the following traits?

Describe the lifestyle and development of Streptomyces mycelia.

Which of the following is pathogenic?

Which of the following is NOT correct about myxobacteria?

Which of the following is NOT correct about the sulfur lithotrophic genus Beggiatoa?

Some Gram-negative bacteria branch more deeply from the proteobacteria than the five Greek-lettered classes do from each other. Which phyla listed below is deep-branching Gram-negative?

Which of the following is NOT correct about microorganisms in the phylum Thermotogae?

Which of the following is NOT correct about the non-spore-forming firmicutes?

Dehalobacter restrictus could be used in bioremediation because it

What are oligotrophs? Provide two examples of oligotrophic bacteria.

Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to the mycoplasmas?

Why is it that the deep-branching thermophiles may appear to have diverged from other bacteria earlier than they actually did?

The following figure represents the life cycle of which bacteria?

Discuss the chemical nature of mycolic acids and some of the traits they confer to organisms that possess them.

Dehalobacter restrictus conducts anaerobic respiration by

Bacteria in the genera ________ produce durable endospores that remain viable for millennia.

Which of the following species of Bacillus produces a biological insecticide?

Which of the following have multipartite genomes?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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