Question 1

The graph shown below diagrams the energy involved in the

Accepted Answer

A)  difference in activation energy of a reaction with and without an inhibitor at an allosteric site. 
B)  difference in the activation energy of a reaction with and without an enzyme. 
C)  activation energy needed to initiate the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. 
D)  difference in synthrophic reactions with and without a hydrogen utilizing partner. 
E)  difference in activation energy with NADH versus NADPH. 
A)  difference in activation energy of a reaction with and without an inhibitor at an allosteric site. 
B)  difference in the activation energy of a reaction with and without an enzyme. 
C)  activation energy needed to initiate the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. 
D)  difference in synthrophic reactions with and without a hydrogen utilizing partner. 
E)  difference in activation energy with NADH versus NADPH.

Question 2

How can a technique such as calorimetry be used to measure DG?

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat released by a reactio

Question 3

How does the efficiency of energy capture by ATP formation in bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle compare with that of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Whereas mitochondria are enclosed in an

Question 4

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the electron donors in prokaryotic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of organic compounds as electron donors is known as organotrophy. 
B)  Chemolithotrophy refers to the use of inorganic molecules as electron sources. 
C)  Photolysis of water provides electrons to phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria. 
D)  Electrons can be obtained from inorganic chemicals such as H₂S. 
E)  Oxygen can serve as an electron donor. 
A)  The use of organic compounds as electron donors is known as organotrophy. 
B)  Chemolithotrophy refers to the use of inorganic molecules as electron sources. 
C)  Photolysis of water provides electrons to phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria. 
D)  Electrons can be obtained from inorganic chemicals such as H₂S. 
E)  Oxygen can serve as an electron donor.

Question 5

The DG for a reaction can be calculated by using DG⁰ and adding in

Accepted Answer

A)  entropy, enthalpy, and the log of the ratio of reactants to products. 
B)  entropy, enthalpy, pH, and the log of the ratio of the reactants to products. 
C)  the gas constant, absolute temperature, and the log of the ratio of the reactants to products. 
D)  the log of the ratio of the reactants to products. 
E)  the gas constant, absolute temperature, pH, and the log of the ratio of the reactants to products. 
A)  entropy, enthalpy, and the log of the ratio of reactants to products. 
B)  entropy, enthalpy, pH, and the log of the ratio of the reactants to products. 
C)  the gas constant, absolute temperature, and the log of the ratio of the reactants to products. 
D)  the log of the ratio of the reactants to products. 
E)  the gas constant, absolute temperature, pH, and the log of the ratio of the reactants to products.

Question 6

All oxidative catabolism of toluene and other benzene derivatives proceeds through

Accepted Answer

A)  benzoyl-S-CoA. 
B)  aniline. 
C)  catechols. 
D)  cis, cis-muconate. 
E)  D-gluconate. 
A)  benzoyl-S-CoA. 
B)  aniline. 
C)  catechols. 
D)  cis, cis-muconate. 
E)  D-gluconate.

Question 7

All nucleotide triphosphates carry energy. Provide examples of reactions that are driven by the release of energy from GTP, CTP, and TTP.

Accepted Answer

GTP is specifically used in the initiati

Question 8

Soils and waters become contaminated with industrial aromatic compounds and efforts are made to use bacteria to clean up these areas. Describe the experiment and finding from phenanthrene metabolism in the Antarctic.

Accepted Answer

Soils from the Antarctic were incubated

Question 9

Fatty acids enter the TCA cycle after being degraded to what molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-phosphate 
B)  malonyl-S-CoA 
C)  acetyl-S-CoA 
D)  citrate 
E)  pyruvate 
A)  acetyl-phosphate 
B)  malonyl-S-CoA 
C)  acetyl-S-CoA 
D)  citrate 
E)  pyruvate

Question 10

Which of the diagrammed molecules is a global signal of nutritional status?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  2-oxoglutarate 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  acetyl-CoA 
E)  acetyl-P 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  2-oxoglutarate 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  acetyl-CoA 
E)  acetyl-P

Question 11

A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen performs a type of metabolism called ________ and, given its sources of electrons, it is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  methanogenesis; chemolithotroph 
B)  respiration; heterotroph 
C)  fermentation; chemoorganotroph 
D)  carbon fixation; phototroph 
E)  sulfur bacterium; chemolithotroph 
A)  methanogenesis; chemolithotroph 
B)  respiration; heterotroph 
C)  fermentation; chemoorganotroph 
D)  carbon fixation; phototroph 
E)  sulfur bacterium; chemolithotroph

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an end product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  acetone 
C)  pyruvate 
D)  butanol 
E)  propionate 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  acetone 
C)  pyruvate 
D)  butanol 
E)  propionate

Question 13

What are the differences among DG, DG°, and DG°'?

Accepted Answer

DG is the change in Gibbs free energy fo

Question 14

The figure shown below diagrams three pathways for the metabolism of glucose. Pathway ________ is most likely to be used for biosynthesis because it can be used to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; generate glucose 
B)  2; make carbon backbones of many lengths 
C)  3; make carbon backbones of many lengths 
D)  1; make carbon backbones of many lengths 
E)  3; generate glucose 
A)  1; generate glucose 
B)  2; make carbon backbones of many lengths 
C)  3; make carbon backbones of many lengths 
D)  1; make carbon backbones of many lengths 
E)  3; generate glucose

Question 15

Which of the following phenomena is sufficient to transport nutrients to cells that lack chemotactic motility?

Accepted Answer

A)  active, ATP-dependent transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  turbulent flow 
D)  quorum sensing 
E)  biofilm formation 
A)  active, ATP-dependent transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  turbulent flow 
D)  quorum sensing 
E)  biofilm formation

Question 16

Oxidative catabolism of benzoate and other aromatic compounds is catalyzed by

Accepted Answer

A)  2-oxoglutarate:NADPH oxidoreductase. 
B)  benzoyl-S-CoA reductase. 
C)  specific dioxygenases. 
D)  NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. 
E)  catechol 2,3, monooxygenase. 
A)  2-oxoglutarate:NADPH oxidoreductase. 
B)  benzoyl-S-CoA reductase. 
C)  specific dioxygenases. 
D)  NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. 
E)  catechol 2,3, monooxygenase.

Question 17

The flavor and other properties of cheeses derive from the type of fermenting microorganisms used. How do the "eyes" and the characteristic flavor of Swiss cheese originate?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation of milk sugars by Propionib

Exam 13: Energetics and Catabolism

The graph shown below diagrams the energy involved in the

How can a technique such as calorimetry be used to measure DG?

How does the efficiency of energy capture by ATP formation in bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle compare with that of mitochondria?

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the electron donors in prokaryotic metabolism?

The DG for a reaction can be calculated by using DG⁰ and adding in

All oxidative catabolism of toluene and other benzene derivatives proceeds through

All nucleotide triphosphates carry energy. Provide examples of reactions that are driven by the release of energy from GTP, CTP, and TTP.

Soils and waters become contaminated with industrial aromatic compounds and efforts are made to use bacteria to clean up these areas. Describe the experiment and finding from phenanthrene metabolism in the Antarctic.

Fatty acids enter the TCA cycle after being degraded to what molecule?

Which of the diagrammed molecules is a global signal of nutritional status?

A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen performs a type of metabolism called ________ and, given its sources of electrons, it is a ________.

Which of the following is NOT an end product of fermentation?

What are the differences among DG, DG°, and DG°'?

The figure shown below diagrams three pathways for the metabolism of glucose. Pathway ________ is most likely to be used for biosynthesis because it can be used to ________.

Which of the following phenomena is sufficient to transport nutrients to cells that lack chemotactic motility?

Oxidative catabolism of benzoate and other aromatic compounds is catalyzed by

The flavor and other properties of cheeses derive from the type of fermenting microorganisms used. How do the "eyes" and the characteristic flavor of Swiss cheese originate?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen performs a type of metabolism called and, given its sources of electrons, it is a .

The figure shown below diagrams three pathways for the metabolism of glucose. Pathway is most likely to be used for biosynthesis because it can be used to .