Question 1

Which HIV protein is mismatched with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  nef-virion component 
B)  vpu-membrane protein 
C)  rev-reverse transcriptase 
D)  tat-transcription factor 
E)  env-envelope protein 
A)  nef-virion component 
B)  vpu-membrane protein 
C)  rev-reverse transcriptase 
D)  tat-transcription factor 
E)  env-envelope protein

Question 2

Explain what happens in individuals infected with HIV who are homozygous for functional CCR5, heterozygous for a CCR5 deletion, or homozygous for a CCR5 deletion.

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are homozygous for wild

Question 3

The figure below shows a partial map of the lambda DNA genome (23-48 kb). The early left and right operons as well as the late operon are indicated. Which gene or gene set is mislabeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-integration to host chromosome 
B)  B-lysis/lysogeny switch 
C)  C-DNA replication 
D)  D-lysis 
E)  E-terminase 
A)  A-integration to host chromosome 
B)  B-lysis/lysogeny switch 
C)  C-DNA replication 
D)  D-lysis 
E)  E-terminase

Question 4

What types of infections are caused by herpes viruses? Describe the two possible types of replication processes that occur with the herpes viruses.

Accepted Answer

Two of the most common infections in the

Question 5

Approximately 60%-80% of Americans acquire herpes simplex, usually HSV-1, in epithelial lesions commonly known as

Accepted Answer

A)  chancres. 
B)  pox. 
C)  cold sores. 
D)  shingles. 
E)  hives. 
A)  chancres. 
B)  pox. 
C)  cold sores. 
D)  shingles. 
E)  hives.

Question 6

The pol open reading frame of HIV encodes

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse transcriptase. 
B)  integrase. 
C)  protease. 
D)  gyrase. 
E)  ligase. 
A)  reverse transcriptase. 
B)  integrase. 
C)  protease. 
D)  gyrase. 
E)  ligase.

Question 7

What regulatory elements of herpes genes do NOT resemble those of eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each gene has a promoter with control sequences such as a TATA box. 
B)  Genes are transcribed individually. 
C)  Different gene classes have their own specific regulatory elements. 
D)  tegument 
E)  Genes are translated individually. 
A)  Each gene has a promoter with control sequences such as a TATA box. 
B)  Genes are transcribed individually. 
C)  Different gene classes have their own specific regulatory elements. 
D)  tegument 
E)  Genes are translated individually.

Question 8

Proteolysis of the influenza ________ produces a fusion peptide, which initially binds to a ________ glycoprotein on the host's cell membrane that serves as a receptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemagglutinin; syalic acid 
B)  neuraminidase; N-acetylglucosamine 
C)  matrix; fucose 
D)  nuclear-packaging protein; mannose 
E)  nucleocapsid protein; glucosamine 
A)  hemagglutinin; syalic acid 
B)  neuraminidase; N-acetylglucosamine 
C)  matrix; fucose 
D)  nuclear-packaging protein; mannose 
E)  nucleocapsid protein; glucosamine

Question 9

Antiviral agents have been synthesized against specific processes of HIV. Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  CCR5 blocking-maraviroc 
B)  integrase inhibition-raltegravir 
C)  reverse transcriptase inhibition-azidothymidine (AZT) 
D)  Gag-Pol cleavage-protease inhibitors 
E)  nef inhibition-oseltamivir 
A)  CCR5 blocking-maraviroc 
B)  integrase inhibition-raltegravir 
C)  reverse transcriptase inhibition-azidothymidine (AZT) 
D)  Gag-Pol cleavage-protease inhibitors 
E)  nef inhibition-oseltamivir

Question 10

What is the Escherichia coli protein used by bacteriophage lambda as a receptor? Why has this protein not been lost in the process of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli can feed off short-chai

Question 11

To decrease risks, viruses used for gene therapy are extensively engineered to incorporate safety features such as

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of virulence genes. 
B)  ensuring insertion in regions near oncogenes. 
C)  pseudotyping to alter tissue specificity. 
D)  alteration of the germ line. 
E)  ensuring deletions in regions near oncogenes. 
A)  the presence of virulence genes. 
B)  ensuring insertion in regions near oncogenes. 
C)  pseudotyping to alter tissue specificity. 
D)  alteration of the germ line. 
E)  ensuring deletions in regions near oncogenes.

Question 12

The figure below shows the process attachment of HIV to a host cell. Which step is blocked by the antiviral agent maraviroc?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, CD4 binding 
B)  1, CCR5 binding 
C)  2, formation of the fusion peptide 
D)  3, release of gp120 
E)  4, reverse transcriptase activity 
A)  1, CD4 binding 
B)  1, CCR5 binding 
C)  2, formation of the fusion peptide 
D)  3, release of gp120 
E)  4, reverse transcriptase activity

Question 13

The reverse transcriptase complex is a crucial enzyme for retroviruses. Which catalytic activity does reverse transcriptase have?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA-dependent RNA synthesis 
B)  RNA degradation via RNase H 
C)  DNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
D)  RNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
E)  DNA-dependent RNA synthesis 
A)  RNA-dependent RNA synthesis 
B)  RNA degradation via RNase H 
C)  DNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
D)  RNA-dependent DNA synthesis 
E)  DNA-dependent RNA synthesis

Question 14

The lysis/lysogeny switch has been used in synthetic biology applications that take advantage of the properties of the interaction between Cro and CI. Give two examples of such an application.

Accepted Answer

A minimal version of the CI/Cro switch h

Question 15

Viruses that specifically infect and lyse tumor cells are called

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer vectors. 
B)  temperate. 
C)  lytic. 
D)  lysogenic. 
E)  oncolytic. 
A)  transfer vectors. 
B)  temperate. 
C)  lytic. 
D)  lysogenic. 
E)  oncolytic.

Question 16

Influenza shows cyclic appearance of extremely virulent strains that may cause widespread infection with high mortality, such as that of 1918, which infected 20% of the world's population and killed more people than World War I. What is this type of infection called?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutagenic 
B)  endemic 
C)  epidemic 
D)  pandemic 
E)  transgenic 
A)  mutagenic 
B)  endemic 
C)  epidemic 
D)  pandemic 
E)  transgenic

Question 17

Herpes simplex virus 1 capsids receive a primary envelope from ________, whereas secondary enveloping uses ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi; the plasma membrane 
B)  the outer nuclear membrane; endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  vacuoles; lysosomes 
D)  lysosomes; the plasma membrane 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi 
A)  Golgi; the plasma membrane 
B)  the outer nuclear membrane; endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  vacuoles; lysosomes 
D)  lysosomes; the plasma membrane 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi

Question 18

The figure below is a transmission electron microscopy image of an influenza A virion. Hemagglutinin (HA) is one of the spike proteins. Which is the other spike protein on the envelope of influenza A?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleocapsid protein 
B)  ion channel 
C)  matrix protein 
D)  nuclear export protein 
E)  neuraminidase 
A)  nucleocapsid protein 
B)  ion channel 
C)  matrix protein 
D)  nuclear export protein 
E)  neuraminidase

Question 19

Cyclophilin A is a host protein that

Accepted Answer

A)  acts as a coreceptor for HIV. 
B)  facilitates HIV entry into the nucleus. 
C)  is incorporated in the HIV envelope. 
D)  inhibits HIV replication. 
E)  cuts the polyprotein into subunits. 
A)  acts as a coreceptor for HIV. 
B)  facilitates HIV entry into the nucleus. 
C)  is incorporated in the HIV envelope. 
D)  inhibits HIV replication. 
E)  cuts the polyprotein into subunits.

Question 20

Replication of herpes viruses requires all of the following elements EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  primase. 
B)  helicase. 
C)  single-strand DNA binding proteins. 
D)  ligase. 
E)  viral DNA polymerase. 
A)  primase. 
B)  helicase. 
C)  single-strand DNA binding proteins. 
D)  ligase. 
E)  viral DNA polymerase.

Exam 11: Viral Molecular Biology

Which HIV protein is mismatched with its function?

Explain what happens in individuals infected with HIV who are homozygous for functional CCR5, heterozygous for a CCR5 deletion, or homozygous for a CCR5 deletion.

The figure below shows a partial map of the lambda DNA genome (23-48 kb). The early left and right operons as well as the late operon are indicated. Which gene or gene set is mislabeled?

What types of infections are caused by herpes viruses? Describe the two possible types of replication processes that occur with the herpes viruses.

Approximately 60%-80% of Americans acquire herpes simplex, usually HSV-1, in epithelial lesions commonly known as

The pol open reading frame of HIV encodes

What regulatory elements of herpes genes do NOT resemble those of eukaryotic genes?

Proteolysis of the influenza ________ produces a fusion peptide, which initially binds to a ________ glycoprotein on the host's cell membrane that serves as a receptor.

Antiviral agents have been synthesized against specific processes of HIV. Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

What is the Escherichia coli protein used by bacteriophage lambda as a receptor? Why has this protein not been lost in the process of evolution?

To decrease risks, viruses used for gene therapy are extensively engineered to incorporate safety features such as

The figure below shows the process attachment of HIV to a host cell. Which step is blocked by the antiviral agent maraviroc?

The reverse transcriptase complex is a crucial enzyme for retroviruses. Which catalytic activity does reverse transcriptase have?

The lysis/lysogeny switch has been used in synthetic biology applications that take advantage of the properties of the interaction between Cro and CI. Give two examples of such an application.

Viruses that specifically infect and lyse tumor cells are called

Influenza shows cyclic appearance of extremely virulent strains that may cause widespread infection with high mortality, such as that of 1918, which infected 20% of the world's population and killed more people than World War I. What is this type of infection called?

Herpes simplex virus 1 capsids receive a primary envelope from ________, whereas secondary enveloping uses ________.

The figure below is a transmission electron microscopy image of an influenza A virion. Hemagglutinin (HA) is one of the spike proteins. Which is the other spike protein on the envelope of influenza A?

Cyclophilin A is a host protein that

Replication of herpes viruses requires all of the following elements EXCEPT

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

Proteolysis of the influenza produces a fusion peptide, which initially binds to a glycoprotein on the host's cell membrane that serves as a receptor.

Herpes simplex virus 1 capsids receive a primary envelope from , whereas secondary enveloping uses .