Question 1

The segmented genome of influenza virus makes virus assembly problematic. Is there evidence that the assembly mechanism packages the eight unique segments correctly?

Accepted Answer

Combined cryo-electron microscopy images

Question 2

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of lentiviral vectors with respect to adenoviral vectors.

Accepted Answer

Adenoviral vectors are only temporarily

Question 3

Which type of virus has been successfully used in the treatment of diseases such as B-cell leukemia and adrenoleukodystrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  lentivirus 
B)  adenovirus 
C)  poliovirus 
D)  influenza virus 
E)  T4 
A)  lentivirus 
B)  adenovirus 
C)  poliovirus 
D)  influenza virus 
E)  T4

Question 4

The neuraminidase inhibitor ________ is currently used to treat influenza infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleconaril 
B)  Tamiflu 
C)  Zidovudine 
D)  Acyclovir 
E)  Vitravene 
A)  Pleconaril 
B)  Tamiflu 
C)  Zidovudine 
D)  Acyclovir 
E)  Vitravene

Question 5

Which host protein cleaves CI and triggers up to 100% lysis after lysogenic Escherichia coli cells are exposed to ultraviolet light?

Accepted Answer

A)  primase 
B)  DNA polymerase III 
C)  RecA 
D)  terminase 
E)  Lon protease 
A)  primase 
B)  DNA polymerase III 
C)  RecA 
D)  terminase 
E)  Lon protease

Question 6

Herpes simplex virus latent infections are seen more frequently in nerve cells, such as

Accepted Answer

A)  the trigeminal ganglion. 
B)  the glia. 
C)  multipolar neurons. 
D)  the basal nuclei. 
E)  astrocytes. 
A)  the trigeminal ganglion. 
B)  the glia. 
C)  multipolar neurons. 
D)  the basal nuclei. 
E)  astrocytes.

Question 7

Which of the following primers for nucleic acid replication is linked to the appropriate virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  M2 and poliovirus 
B)  host caps and poliovirus 
C)  VPg and influenza virus 
D)  virus tRNA and herpes virus 
E)  host tRNA and HIV 
A)  M2 and poliovirus 
B)  host caps and poliovirus 
C)  VPg and influenza virus 
D)  virus tRNA and herpes virus 
E)  host tRNA and HIV

Question 8

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  herpes simplex virus 2-genital lesions 
B)  varicella-zoster virus-chickenpox, shingles 
C)  papillomavirus-genital warts 
D)  variola major virus-smallpox 
E)  None of the examples are mismatched. 
A)  herpes simplex virus 2-genital lesions 
B)  varicella-zoster virus-chickenpox, shingles 
C)  papillomavirus-genital warts 
D)  variola major virus-smallpox 
E)  None of the examples are mismatched.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phage lambda as a temperate phage?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genome of phage lambda integrates into the genome of the host cell and becomes a prophage. 
B)  The phage DNA replicates as an integrated prophage but does not produce phage particles. 
C)  Lambda phage immediately kills its host after infection. 
D)  The presence of the lambda prophage confers resistant to new infections by lambda. 
E)  Incorporation of lambda phage DNA into the bacterial genome is called lysogeny. 
A)  The genome of phage lambda integrates into the genome of the host cell and becomes a prophage. 
B)  The phage DNA replicates as an integrated prophage but does not produce phage particles. 
C)  Lambda phage immediately kills its host after infection. 
D)  The presence of the lambda prophage confers resistant to new infections by lambda. 
E)  Incorporation of lambda phage DNA into the bacterial genome is called lysogeny.

Question 10

The segmentation of the influenza genome is conducive to ________, which can be defined as the process by which two different viruses swap genome segments to form a new genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  recombination 
B)  hybridization 
C)  ligation 
D)  reassortment 
E)  shuffling 
A)  recombination 
B)  hybridization 
C)  ligation 
D)  reassortment 
E)  shuffling

Question 11

The figure below shows a partial map (0 to about 22 kbp) of the lambda DNA genome. Which gene or gene set is mislabeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-lysis/lysogeny switch 
B)  B-head 
C)  C-tail 
D)  D-tail tip 
E)  E-tail fibers 
A)  A-lysis/lysogeny switch 
B)  B-head 
C)  C-tail 
D)  D-tail tip 
E)  E-tail fibers

Question 12

Integrated retroviral genomes that have accumulated mutations and can no longer generate virions are known as ________ retroviruses.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysogenic 
B)  temperate 
C)  virulent 
D)  exogenous 
E)  endogenous 
A)  lysogenic 
B)  temperate 
C)  virulent 
D)  exogenous 
E)  endogenous

Question 13

How many genomes does an HIV particle have and what is their biochemical nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  two RNA molecules 
B)  eight RNA molecules 
C)  a DNA/RNA hybrid 
D)  a single RNA molecule 
E)  a DNA molecule and a noncomplementary RNA molecule 
A)  two RNA molecules 
B)  eight RNA molecules 
C)  a DNA/RNA hybrid 
D)  a single RNA molecule 
E)  a DNA molecule and a noncomplementary RNA molecule

Question 14

The lymphocyte protein chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is involved in HIV. Functionally, CCR5 is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonist. 
B)  coreceptor. 
C)  cofactor. 
D)  inhibitor. 
E)  regulator. 
A)  antagonist. 
B)  coreceptor. 
C)  cofactor. 
D)  inhibitor. 
E)  regulator.

Question 15

Pigs function as "mixing bowls" for avian, human, and swine influenza strains. What is the biochemical mechanism for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The influenza virions use a glycoprotein

Question 16

Describe how priming for mRNA synthesis or template synthesis for viral progeny of influenza A virus differs from typical mRNA synthesis mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

To make a (+) strand mRNA, the RNA-depen

Question 17

How is lambda phage being used to fight the problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A lambda phage that can specifically eli

Question 18

The director of a laboratory in charge of making the flu vaccine for the upcoming season is planning her production strategy. She must consider the phenomenon of reassortment, in which

Accepted Answer

A)  two different viruses contribute genome segments to a reassorted genome that remains segmented. 
B)  two different viruses contribute genetic material to form a recombinant molecule. 
C)  genes within a genomic segment of a virus undergo a fast mutation rate in the presence of another virus. 
D)  there is antigenetic shift. 
E)  there is antigenetic drift. 
A)  two different viruses contribute genome segments to a reassorted genome that remains segmented. 
B)  two different viruses contribute genetic material to form a recombinant molecule. 
C)  genes within a genomic segment of a virus undergo a fast mutation rate in the presence of another virus. 
D)  there is antigenetic shift. 
E)  there is antigenetic drift.

Question 19

What are retroelements and why do they exist within the human genome?

Accepted Answer

Retroelements are remnants of decaying r

Question 20

Why do highly virulent strains of the influenza virus appear periodically? Give one example.

Accepted Answer

The influenza virus genome is organized

Exam 11: Viral Molecular Biology

The segmented genome of influenza virus makes virus assembly problematic. Is there evidence that the assembly mechanism packages the eight unique segments correctly?

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of lentiviral vectors with respect to adenoviral vectors.

Which type of virus has been successfully used in the treatment of diseases such as B-cell leukemia and adrenoleukodystrophy?

The neuraminidase inhibitor ________ is currently used to treat influenza infections.

Which host protein cleaves CI and triggers up to 100% lysis after lysogenic Escherichia coli cells are exposed to ultraviolet light?

Herpes simplex virus latent infections are seen more frequently in nerve cells, such as

Which of the following primers for nucleic acid replication is linked to the appropriate virus?

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phage lambda as a temperate phage?

The segmentation of the influenza genome is conducive to ________, which can be defined as the process by which two different viruses swap genome segments to form a new genome.

The figure below shows a partial map (0 to about 22 kbp) of the lambda DNA genome. Which gene or gene set is mislabeled?

Integrated retroviral genomes that have accumulated mutations and can no longer generate virions are known as ________ retroviruses.

How many genomes does an HIV particle have and what is their biochemical nature?

The lymphocyte protein chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is involved in HIV. Functionally, CCR5 is a(n)

Pigs function as "mixing bowls" for avian, human, and swine influenza strains. What is the biochemical mechanism for this phenomenon?

Describe how priming for mRNA synthesis or template synthesis for viral progeny of influenza A virus differs from typical mRNA synthesis mechanisms.

How is lambda phage being used to fight the problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

The director of a laboratory in charge of making the flu vaccine for the upcoming season is planning her production strategy. She must consider the phenomenon of reassortment, in which

What are retroelements and why do they exist within the human genome?

Why do highly virulent strains of the influenza virus appear periodically? Give one example.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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